紀實、審美、控制：二十世紀八○年代中國大陸的電視批評及其文化意涵

Documentality, Aesthetics, Control: Television Criticism and Its Cultural Significance of the 1980s in Mainland China

本文以中國大陸出版的流行電視雜誌《大眾電視》於20世紀80 年代刊登的全部294 篇電視批評文章為研究對象，採用媒介框架理論和文本分析方法，歸納出主導這一時期中國電視批評的三種主流話語：紀實、審美與控制，並嘗試在這一時期的主導性精英話語的脈絡中對其加以闡釋。經分析發現，20世紀80 年代的電視批評者持有將電視首要視為文化實體而非娛樂工具的本體論共識， 體現出強烈的干預主義（interventionist）與溫和的精英主義色彩，並對這一時期的電視文化版圖產生了巨大的影響。

Using the media framing theory and the method of textual analysis, this paper scans and discusses the 294 critiques published between 1980 and 1989 on Popular Television, one of the most influential TV magazines in 1980s’ China. Three dominant frames/discourses are discovered: realism, aestheticism, control. After consideration and interpretation, this paper points out that even enough critics used different frames to express their opinion about the role of television in modern society, they possessed a common consensus: television should be first and foremost considered as a cultural organization, rather than an entertaining media. Such a strong interventionist and mild elitist view greatly influenced China’s television culture of the 1980s.