民國報業的壟斷問題－－成舍我的思考與反省

The Monopoly of Republican Era's Press: Exploring and Reflection of Cheng She-Wo

媒體壟斷已是當前討論傳媒發展時必須面對的嚴肅課題，實際上當前的媒體壟斷並非新現象。1930年代無論中國或英美，報業托拉斯與壟斷問題已為時人所關注。自壟斷資本主義出現後，商品化趨勢便蔓延到傳播活動中，新傳播科技不斷施用於組織化的傳播過程，都加深傳播商品化與媒體壟斷的現象。換言之，壟斷是傳播商品化的必然過程，但這段歷史經驗卻為人所忽視。本文藉分析民國知名報人成舍我對當時中外報業的觀察與批評，乃至提出「成舍我方案」化解現代報業所存在資本化與公共化的兩難困境，作為思考當前討論媒體壟斷時的另類思考方向。

While media monopolization has become a serious topic among the studies of contemporary media development, it is erroneous to label it as a new phenomenon: concerns regarding press trust and the issue of monopoly have emerged in America, Britain and China as early as the 1930s. Since the advent of monopolistic capitalism, the trend of commodification has disseminated extensively throughout our daily communication activities. Constant application of the latest technology in the organized communication activities of communication has exacerbated the monopolization and commodification of media. In other words, monopoly is an inevitable stage throughout the process of commodification, yet why and how we got to this part of history tend to be left out of the big picture in past discussions. This study is an attempt to shed light on the potential alternatives in the exploration of media monopolization. It analyzes Cheng She-Wo's observation and critique of both Chinese and foreign press at the time, which led to the introduction of the Cheng She-Wo's journalism development project as his answer to the capitalize and publicization dilemma faced by modern press.