臺灣法庭口譯專業化模型之修正

A Revised Model for the Professionalization of Court Interpreting in Taiwan

2012 年4 月臺灣監察院完成且公佈了《司法通譯案調查報告》，此報告具有指標性的意義，顯示臺灣法庭口譯從臨時性的社區服務轉變成一種對司法審判具影響力的專業性工作。然而國內目前對於法庭口譯的研究仍屬相對少數（如陳雅齡、廖柏森，2013；Chang, 2013；Chen & Chen, 2013; Ho & Chen, 2014），特別是對法庭口譯專業化過程的研究更是缺乏。因此本研究嘗試探討臺灣法庭口譯近年來的專業化發展，並以Tseng (1992) 所提出的臺灣會議口譯專業化模型為基礎加以修正。Tseng 檢視口譯專業化過程，一般會經歷四個階段。第一階段是市場秩序混亂，第二階段是逐漸產生共識與承諾，第三階段則是專業協會的成立，第四階段是經由政治遊說及立法機構，形成最終的保護及認證。討論某一行業的專業化過程，必須對這行業的起源及發展過程有所瞭解。回顧臺灣法庭口譯的發展史，自荷西據臺至今很長一段時間都是處於半官方的地位，招聘和任命都掌握在政府部門手中。另外，甫於2014 年成立的臺灣司法通譯協會也招募成員，制定會員工作守則，開辦培訓講習。這些情況顯示近年來臺灣政府部門及臺灣司法通譯協會對臺灣法庭口譯的專業化發展，同時扮演著重要角色。本研究論述臺灣法庭口譯的發展過程，修訂Tseng 模式並提出法庭口譯的專業化發展模式，並根據研究結果提出對臺灣法庭口譯專業化的建議。

In April, 2012, the Control Yuan of Taiwan published a report on court interpreting in Taiwan. The appearance of this report can be taken as indicating that court interpreting is beginning to be seen as a profession in Taiwan. However, thus far little research has been done on this field (e.g., Chang, 2013; Chen & Chen, 2013; Ho & Chen 2014; 陳雅齡、廖柏森，2013), particularly in terms of the process of its professionalization. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the development of court interpreting in Taiwan based on a model for the professionalization of interpreting proposed by Tseng in 1992. In Tseng’s model, the professionalization of interpreting has four phases. The first phase features disorder in the markets; the second, increasing consensus and commitment; the third, the establishment of professional associations; and the fourth, a concern with legal authority and political persuasion. 　　Research into the history of a profession entails tracing its origins and development. The recorded history of court interpreting in Taiwan goes back to the Dutch-Spanish colonial period, when court interpreters had a semi-official status: they were recruited, trained and appointed by one branch of the government, and the same holds true for this profession today. Recently, the newly-established Taiwan Judicial Interpreters Association (TJIA)1 has formulated a set of ethical standards and conducted training workshops, and is actively recruiting both novice and experienced practitioners. Both the government sector and the TJIA therefore play an important role in Phase III of Tseng’s model. This study looks at this professionalization process, presents a revised version of Tseng’s model of conference interpreting, and uses its findings to make suggestions regarding the professionalization of court interpreting in Taiwan.