臺南陳德聚堂「翰藻生華」匾內容考辨

A Study of the Historical Inscribed Board Placed in the ＂Tik-Tsu Hall＂ (德聚堂) at Tainan

懸掛於臺南陳德聚堂的「翰藻生華」匾據傳為康熙朝晚年之物，然觀其款識內容卻發現存有訛誤或未能相互符應的問題。本文使用族譜、傳記、地方志書、古碑匾等史料與相關研究文獻，透過對關係人生平經歷、匾額款識形制、清代考試與職官制度、陳德聚堂沿革等面向的梳理，檢視今日該匾內容所呈現或衍生的若干問題，並嘗試進行考辨。結果顯示，下大埕霞藔陳氏九世裔孫陳焜於康熙五十四年由附生捐貲取得例貢生銜的史證較強，「翰藻生華」匾極可能緣自陳焜取得貢生身分前，在康熙四十九年至五十二年間中式生員，臺廈道陳璸為其所立，故陳德聚堂於康熙三十二年因陳焜中式而重修之說有待商榷。該匾的款識錯誤至遲出現於日治後期，上款臺灣廈門道冠銜之訛，乃係將乾隆五十三年後臺灣道員加授「按察使」銜的例制錯置於康熙朝；而議敘之異，可能誤仿自他處碑匾；下款癸酉年中貢之說，除家譜記載陳焜的貢生類別未符實外，當是日治昭和八年癸酉歲次陳德聚堂整修完竣，匾額尾款加落重修時間，受到陳焜得中功名與重修宗祠間關連密切的流傳說法影響，以致昭和八年至十五年的某次匾額修繕將之誤植而來。

It is said that the ＂Han-Tsao-Sheng-Hau＂ (翰藻生華)(meaning: striking literary grace in Chinese) inscribed board placed in Chen's ancestral shrine named ＂Tik-Tsu Hall＂ (德聚堂) at Tainan was made in the late Kangxi period of the Qing dynasty. We found out that some inconsistencies in the content of this inscribed board which should be examined carefully. Based on a critical analysis of historical materials such as genealogy books, biographies, local records, old inscriptions and other inscribed boards, it is revealed that this inscribed board had been given to Chen Kun (陳焜), who was the ancestor of the clan of Chen and the owner of ＂Tik-Tsu Hall,＂ at the time when he got the status of official student probably around the time from 1710 to 1713. This inscribed board was conferred by Chen Bin (陳璸) who was the inspector-general and education director of Taiwan at that time. We prove textually that the inconsistencies in the text were stemmed from the historical misunderstanding of the mender as well as the misidentification of historical records by the writer. Meanwhile, we suggest that those mistakes already existed at the latest in the late Japanese colonial period.