高教創新轉型發展中的產學合作新型態

Innovative Transformation of Higher Education and Industry-Academic Cooperation

於「知識經濟」(knowledge-based economy) 時代中，世界先進國家高等及技職教育紛紛重視以「知識資本」及「人才培育」為導向的政策發展，而我國高等教育政策，無論於「邁向頂尖大學」、「教學卓越計畫」或「典範科技大學」等政策脈絡下，均將學校「產學合作」發展列為重要關鍵績效 指標，顯見「產學合作」幾乎已成為企業界、政府部門及學術社群之共識。本文首先析述台灣近年來高等教育及產學合作 發展所面臨的挑戰，進而以教育部104 年提出，105 年修正之「高等教育創新轉型方案」為政策文本分析高等教育創新轉型中「產學合作」的新趨勢、新型態，並以高雄第一科技大學「智慧鐵道」產學合作案例及預期效益，以該校實例論述說明產學合作新型態所蘊含的精神，最後提出相關政策建 議如下： （一）法規鬆綁與政策鼓勵：有別於過去重視專利數及授權數等指標，高教創新轉型中產學合作之新趨 勢，重視創新典範形塑，並重視相關法令之檢視與鬆綁。未來宜拉高層次，進行跨部會協調，落 實學校能擁有更高的自主權，從事學術創新創業的相關活動，進而帶動產業創新發展。 （二）學校於法令允許範圍內，建立誘因機制並聘僱有經驗的業界人士推動技術商品化業務，以協助教師將其研究成果商品化。（三）政府宜整合資源，協助學校強化專責支援機構 與產學合作資料庫，提供教師產官學合作活動之各項相關訊息、經驗分享和計畫資料等，以利有意願之教師參與。（四）建議透過政策計畫引導，塑造鼓勵合作創新之環境，鼓舞學校營造創新環境。（五）重視評估學校教師對政策法規鬆綁之認知理解、感受與實際參與情形。（六）建議強化相關適用法規之取得便利性及透明 性，因創新產學合作重視法規鬆綁，未來可加強多元法規鬆綁及案例說明，以營造安心、樂 於參與之產學合作環境。

In the age of the knowledge-based economy， policies focusing on “knowledge capital” and “talent cultivation” are emphasized in universities and technical and vocational education in developed countries. Looking at policies of higher education in Taiwan， it is evident that industry-academic cooperation has played an important role in several policies， such as the “Aim for the Top University Plan”， the “Teaching Excellence Project” and the “Project for Developing a Model University of Science and Technology.” This study describes the challenges facing the development of industry-academic cooperation in higher education. Using the text of the Ministry of Education’s “Innovative Transformation of Higher education” (modified in 2016)， we point out a new trend or new type of industry-academic cooperation that has been forming during the transformation of higher education. For instance， National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology’s “Smart Railway” project is a great example of industry-academic cooperation. Based on such observations， we make the following suggestions: 1. R e l a x r e g u l a t i o n s a n d p r o v i d e p o l i c i e s o f encouragement: The new trend of Innovative Transformation of Higher Education stresses the reformation of innovative paradigms， reviews related regulations and even relaxes them. Encouraging cooperation between executive branches of government and the autonomy of universities will enhance the innovative transformation of industries. 2. Create an incentive mechanism: Universities will hire those with experience in industry to convert the fruits of research into actual products. 3. Create a database of industry-academic cooperation and supporting institutes: This will provide teachers with information about industry-academic cooperation activities， and allow for the sharing of experience and program materials. 4. Develop an environment for innovative transformation using encouragement policies. 5. Survey and evaluate teachers’ acknowledgement， feeling and participation. 6. Enhance the availability and openness of related regulations.