當第一個孩子來報到：新手父母的親職參與和婚姻滿意度

When the First Baby Arrives: Parental Involvement and Marital Satisfaction among New Parents

本研究主要目的是描述新手父母生育前後婚姻滿意度的變化，及探討生育前後婚姻滿意度與親職參 與和夫妻親密互動的關聯性，並檢視配偶親職參與對夫妻親密互動頻率及婚姻滿意度的影響。本研 究採用台北市新婚夫妻結婚三年的縱貫性資料，包括新婚第二年成為新手父母有50 對夫妻，第三年 成為新手父母有21 對夫妻，有效樣本數為71 對新手父母。研究結果顯示：（1）新手父母生育後的 婚姻滿意度皆比生育前較低；（2）新手爸爸生育前的婚姻滿意度對其親職參與頻率有顯著的影響， 而新手媽媽生育前的婚姻滿意度與其親職參與則無顯著關聯；（3）新手爸爸的親職參與對夫妻親密 互動頻率及生育後的婚姻滿意度無顯著影響，但新手媽媽的親職參與會透過夫妻親密互動頻率而間 接影響其生育後的婚姻滿意度；（4）新手媽媽的親職參與會直接影響新手爸爸生育後的婚姻滿意度； 也會透過新手爸爸對夫妻親密互動的知覺，間接影響新手爸爸生育後的婚姻滿意度。從行動者效果 來看，本研究支持親子系統和婚姻系統存在某種程度的溢出效應；從伴侶效果來看，新手媽媽扮演 重要角色，新手媽媽親職參與對於新手爸爸知覺夫妻親密互動頻率、婚姻滿意度有所影響。

This study investigated changes in marital satisfaction in the transition to parenthood for newlywed couples over the first 3 years of marriage. In addition， this study examined the relationships among parental involvement， couples’ intimate interaction， and marital satisfaction before and after the first baby arrived， as well as spousal influences in such relationships. The sample included 71 couples， 50 who became parents during the second year of marriage and 21 who became parents during the third year. Findings showed that during the transition to parenthood， both husbands and wives experienced declines in marital satisfaction. Marital satisfaction before the first child arrived was significantly associated with husbands’ involvement in child care， but not related to wives’ involvement. Husbands’ involvement in child care was not associated with their perceptions of intimate interaction and marital satisfaction after the birth of the child. However， wives’ involvement in child care indirectly influenced their marital satisfaction after the birth of the child through intimate interaction. Not only did wives’ involvement in child care directly affect husbands’ marital satisfaction after the birth of the child， but it also indirectly affected husbands’ marital satisfaction after the birth of the child through intimate interaction. These results showed an actor effect indicating a spillover between marital and parent-child subsystems， as well as a partner effect indicating a crossover from wives’ parent-child subsystem to husbands’ marital subsystem.