1954-1975年越南民主共和國之華人政策

The Policies toward Ethnic Chinese of the People's Republic of Vietnam (1945-1975)

隨著1955年越「中」雙方就北越華僑問題達成黨對黨協議，由越南官方營造、具劃時代意義的華人同化工程可謂正式破土。河內的華人政策本質上歸屬於「強制式同化」，惟其採取溫和漸進途徑，俾使華人響應當局「階級團結」之號召。迄越南統一前，北越華人大多仍保有中國國籍，但華人政策在諸如法律、經濟、政治、教育乃至於社會範疇，業已獲得不少同化成果。本文擬就「華僑轉籍」、「經濟政策」、「政治活動」、「社會政策」以及「教育政策」幾個政策領域展開論述，進而探討1954-75年越南民主共和國華人政策之特質與導因。

The epoch-making assimilation process toward ethnic Chinese in Vietnam had been followed the Party-to-Party Agreement between the People's Republic of Vietnam(PRV) and the People's Republic of China. Essentially, Hanoi's policies toward ethnic Chinese may been categorized into the pattern'Compulsory Assimilation.' Meanwhile, as taking a further research, in order to pick up supports from ethnic Chinese by the appeal'joining in the class union,' we may find that the pattern'Compulsory Assimilation' generalized from policies toward ethnic Chinese of PRV was coincided with the gradual approach. Not until Vietnam's reunion in 1975 had most ethnic Chinese been preserved their nationalities, indeed, PRV had acquired some achievements of assimilation over ethnic Chinese in aspects such as nationality changing, economical policies, political participation, educational policies and social policies, to name a few. In this article, the author would like to probe into the characteristics and the factors of PRV's policies toward ethnic Chinese during 1945-1975 through discussions over these aspects.