有限元素法在塔式起重機結構強度之分析

Structural Analysis of Tower Crane by Finite Element Method

營造用塔式起重機為應用於營建工地之重要輔助機具，由於起重機具有的能量大、危險性高的特性，如過負荷或設計不當等現象，往往很容易造成機械的嚴重損壞，及對勞工造成生命威脅。因此，塔式起重機被檢查機構列為危險性機械之一。而起重機的結構分析，除與製造業者的原設計基準有關外，亦涉及國內相關法令的要求。由於工程技術不斷提昇，運用有限元素分析方法作為結構強度設計已成必然的趨勢，本研究的目的是希能藉由有限元素法在塔式起重機的結構分析，期能加強起重機結構強度的本質安全，以作為㈰後法令修改或結構安全之參考。並據此建立塔式起重機之檢查標準，以使設計人員或檢查人員方便於執行結構強度計算。

The tower crane, an important equipment for lifting heavy material, is commonly used in construction site. Due to large amount of energy handled in lifting and the danger characteristics of the crane, tower crane is classified as dangerous machinery by government inspection authority. The safety of structure design is very critical because any overload or improper structure design can easily result in damaging the machine seriously or endangering the worker’s life. The structural analysis of the tower crane is not only related to the design criteria, but also to the requirement of the regulations. However, the computation in structure analysis required by inspection authority is still in the stage of old traditional method. With the advance in finite element method(FEM) technology, the design of the tower crane industry has already been changed. The objective of this study is to apply FEM to analyze the structural strength of tower crane in order to ensure the intrinsic safety of the tower crane. Furthermore, the results of this study can provide the inspection authority an important reference in examination of the structural analysis of tower cranes.