荔枝果農施藥後農藥暴露量評估

Exposure Assessment of Lychee Farmers to Pesticides Applied

選擇霧峰地區四位荔枝園農民，進行一季果園施藥之暴露量評估試驗，分別收集以貼布、手洗、腳洗及模擬呼吸之吸附管等方法進行皮膚及呼吸暴露量。該等農民使用八種農藥，以此八種農藥進行分析，結果顯示其皮膚接觸以臉、上臂及手的著藥量高，皮膚及呼吸之暴露量每小時接觸毒性物質之百分比（Percentage of Toxic Dose Per Hour, PTDPH）範圍為0.15（巴拉松）至3.2xl0-6（第滅寧）之間，每天工作2小時之安全限量（Margin of Safety, MOS ）之範圍由9.74（芬殺松）至12916.6（第滅寧）之間，每天工作6小時之安全限量（MOS）之範圍由3.3（芬殺松）至4305.5（第滅寧）之間。巴拉松、芬殺松、加保扶、撲滅松、陶斯松結果須加強防護；加保利、賽滅寧之噴藥使用接觸農藥較為安全。收集噴藥後24小時尿液樣品以生物偵測方法，測定尿液中農藥及其代謝產物，均未測得農藥主成分，但測得農藥有機磷劑代謝產物DEP （diethyl phosphate），DMTP （dimethyl thiophosphate），DETP （diethyl thiophosphate）。

Mixer-loaders and applicators of pesticides in Lychee field near Wufeng area were monitored for exposure. Alpha-cellulose were placed outside regular working clothes and air sample were collected by pumping through protable sampling tube during application with airblast sprayers. Dermal exposure of each pesticide residue on nine different body regions from face to feet were measured. One month worker pesticide exposure study was designed to measure and evaluate the exposure occuring to workers who had the potential for simultaneous exposure to multiple pesticides. Monitoring was performed for 8 different pesticides which were used by these four farmers. The percentage of toxic dose per hour (PTDPH) including dermal and inhalation exposure were estimated as risk assessment values for each pesticides. The result showed that PTDPH values were ranging from 0.150 (parathion) to 3.2x10-6 (deltamethrin). The working 6 hours of margin of safety (MOS) for 8 pesticides were ranging from 3.3 (fenthion) to 4305.5 (deltamethrin). Pesticides including chlorpyrifos, parathion, fenthion, carbofuran and fenitrothion had MOS values with work 6 hours lower than 100 should be concerned about their hazard. Urine samples collected from applicators after application for 24 hours periods were used as a biological monitor. Parent compounds and major metabolites of these pesticides were analyzed.