快感社會中的陰謀論與偏執／犬儒主體性：精神分析意識形態批判

Conspiracy and Paranoid-Cynical Subjectivity in the Society of Enjoyment: A Psychoanalytic Critique of Ideology

本文針對當前陰謀論文化進行批判性研究。第一部分討論弗洛依德如何從臨床和理論的層面審視史瑞伯偏執症之個案，拉崗如何再論此個案，以檢視「偏執症」對於當前文化、政治分析有何價值，其精神分析之原意在諸多論述中如何被扭曲、貶抑或重塑。本文接著以齊傑克意識形態幻想之理論分析偏執／犬儒主體性，突顯意識形態如何透過快感之構築、信念與行動之斷裂掌控主體。在此論述脈絡之中，偏執症之犬儒主義是否僭越或支撐權力體系與既有現況將是分析之重點。最後一部分透過電影《楚門的世界》與《鬥陣俱樂部》之詮釋，將陰謀論與偏執／犬儒主體性之議題置入當前快感社會之範疇，檢視在超我之僭越與享樂律令影響之下，慾求、自由選擇與倫理政治行動所遭遇之困境。

This essay offers a critical study of contemporary culture of conspiracy. The whole essay starts with Freud’s clinical, theoretical assessment and Lacan’s later reconceptualization of Schreber’s case of paranoia in order to examine the relevance or irrelevance of the category “paranoia” to contemporary cultural, political analyses, and how its analytical value of properly psychoanalytic origin has been distorted, undermined or redefined. Then, paranoid-cynical subjectivity is analyzed in light of Žižek’s theory of ideological fantasy, which highlights how ideology grips the subject through the structuration of enjoyment and the split of belief and actions. Accordingly, whether paranoid cynicism transgresses or supports the dominant power system and status quo is brought into discussion. The final section of this essay, through interpreting films like The Truman Show and Fight Club, relates conspiracy and paranoid-cynical subjectivity to contemporary society of enjoyment and examines the difficulty, if not impossibility, of desiring, free choice and ethico-political agency under the impact of the pervasive superegoic commands to transgress and enjoy.