童年剝奪及其成因

Childhood Deprivation and Its Determinants

本研究應用模糊集合方法估計育兒家庭的社會弱勢指數，包含必需品共識程度、社會排除及社會剝奪，再以彷彿無相關迴歸探析影響必需品共識程度、排除程度及剝奪程度的成因。主要研究結果為：1.貧窮對兒童後續生命歷程有負面影響，其成因與其所處的生活環境有關，尤其是學校與家庭；2.家庭會優先滿足共識程度高的必需品，必需品共識愈高，貧窮程度愈低；3.排除程度與剝奪程度具有正向關連；4.生活必需品的共識受對生活必需品的接觸機會、瞭解、敏感度所影響；5.不同貧窮面向的影響因素相倣，對生活必需品的接觸機會、獲取能力、選擇彈性等愈缺乏，貧窮程度愈高；6.家庭經濟資本和家庭結構仍是社會弱勢的重要識別指標，但若干傳統指標如都市化程度、家長教育程度，則漸失去識別生活困境的功能。

This study applied the fuzzy set approach to construct an aggregate poverty index for measuring the degree of consensus on the necessities of and the levels of social exclusion and deprivation experienced by families with children. Moreover, this study examined the determinants of the degree of consensus on these necessities and the levels of social exclusion and deprivation by applying seemingly unrelated regression models. The study yielded six major findings: (1) Childhood poverty has negative effects that appear later in life. The determinants of poverty are related to the living environments of children, especially school and family. (2) Families with children prioritize necessities that have a higher level of consensus. An increase in the level of consensus on necessities may lead to a reduction in the extent of poverty. (3) A positive relationship exists between the extent of social exclusion and social deprivation. (4) The determinants of the degree of consensus on necessities may be associated with the availability of, sensitivity to, and understanding of these necessities. (5) The determinants of poverty are similar among dimensions. A higher level of poverty could be due to a lack of opportunities for obtaining necessities and a lack of capability to choose and pay for these necessities. (6) Overall, family economic capital and family structure are effective indicators of social disadvantage. However, several traditional indicators, including urbanization and parental education levels, have gradually declined in value.