姚際恆對《子貢詩傳》、《申培詩說》的批評

Yao Chi-hen on Tzu-kung Shih-chuan and Shen P’ei Shih-Shuo

明世宗嘉靖年間，突然出現《詩傳孔氏傳》與《申培詩說》二書，立即引起學者密切的關注，有人信以為真，為之傳刻，極力宣揚，並於著述中，加以引用；有人則斥其為偽，全力的闢駁。此一公案，喧沸一時，直至清初，仍舊餘波蕩漾，招致不少學者來考定其真偽。姚際恆對於兩書，也有深入的探討，不僅考辨其真偽，又仔細地研究書中的內容，在自己的著作中，加以批評。本文選擇姚氏對《詩傳》、《詩說》二書的批評，作為討論的議題，一方面可以發現他的辨偽態度與方法，另一方面也可以瞭解他對前人解《詩》的評斷，對於認識姚際恆的學術，或許可獲見微知著的功效。

In the Chia-ching era of the Ming dynasty, Shih-chuan K'ung-shih chuan and Shen P'ei shih-shuo had emerged all of a sudden. Both titles immediately attracted the close attention of Confucian scholars. Those who took these discoveries as authentic works not only reprinted and promoted them but also referred to them in their own writings. Those who viewed them as forged texts, in contrast, tried as hard as they could to refute the authenticity and validity of these two books. This matter had been so stimulating that a number of scholars in the early Ch'ing period still engaged themselves in verifying these texts. Yao Chi-heng, among others, studied both books in depth. Apart from authenticating these two texts, he examined their concrete contents with much care and with critical comments. This author has chosen to unravel Yao's discussion of both Tzu-kung shih-chuan and Shen P'ei shih-shuo. By disclosing Yao's attitude towards and his approach to authentication as well as his views of earlier interpretations of Shih, one may help better understand his scholarship as a whole.