國中資優生完美主義類型、生活壓力與幸福感之相關研究

A Related Research on Types of Perfectionism Life Stress and Well-being of Junior High School Gifted Students

本研究調查國中資優學生完美主義類型、生活壓力感受及幸福感現況，探討背景變項、 生活壓力、完美主義類型對幸福感的預測能力，並分析完美主義類型在生活壓力與幸福感 之間扮演的角色。本研究採問卷調查法，分層隨機抽取臺中市國中資優生351 人，以集群 分析、區別分析、描述統計、卡方考驗、單因子變異數分析、階層迴歸分析與逐步迴歸分 析等統計方式進行統計分析，並根據結論提出教育與研究建議。研究結果如下：(1)國中資 優生完美主義類型可分為「非適應型非完美主義」、「非適應型完美主義」、「適應型完美主 義」、與「適應型非完美主義」四種，生活壓力感知介於「沒有困擾」到「很少困擾」之間， 整體幸福感受傾向幸福；(2)不同完美主義類型的國中資優生生活壓力感受有部分差異。「家 庭生活壓力」上「非適應型非完美主義者」顯著較高，其餘壓力層面與整體壓力皆以「非 適應型完美主義者」最高，其幸福感受亦有部分差異，大致適應型學生高於非適應型學生； (3)性別、年級、完美主義類型與生活壓力對國中資優生幸福感受皆有部分預測力，最有預 測力者為「身心發展壓力」；(4)完美主義類型在國中資優生生活壓力與幸福感之間具有顯 著調節作用。

This study investigated types of perfectionism， life stress， and sense of well-being among junior high school students， explored the predictive power of background variables， life stress and types of perfectionism on the sense of well-being， and examined the function of types of perfectionism between life stress and sense of well-being. The sample， 351 gifted students， for conducting the questionnaire survey was randomly selected from junior high schools in Taichung City. Cluster analysis， discriminant analysis， descriptive statistics， chi-square analysis， two-factor ANOVA， single factor analysis of variance， hierarchical regression analysis and stepwise regression analysis were adopted in data analysis. Recommendations for educators and researchers are proposed. The conclusions are: (a)The types of perfectionism among junior high school gifted students can be categorized into non-adaptive non-perfectionism， non-adaptive perfectionism， adaptive perfectionism or adaptive non-perfectionism. The awareness of life stress lies between no problem and little problem. The sense of well-being tends to be happy. (b)The non-adaptive non-perfectionism students feel family life stress the most. The students of non-adaptive perfectionism scores higher in other dimensions of stress， and overall life stress than students of any other types. The adaptive perfectionism students score higher in overall sense of well-being than the non-adaptive ones. (c)The stress of physical and mental development shows the strongest predictive power， while .gender， grades， types of perfectionism， and life stress can partially predict the sense of well-being. (d)Types of perfectionism serve as a significant moderator between life stress and sense of well-being.