鋁二次冶煉廠勞工血液中多氯戴奧辛／呋喃檢測及暴露評估研究

Exposure Assessment of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) for Workers of Secondary Aluminum Smelting Plants

本研究之目的在了解台灣地區煉鋁業勞工血液中多氯戴奧辛／呋喃（polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxinsand dibenzofurans, PCDD/Fs）濃度及其與健康指標之相關性。本研究選取兩家煉鋁廠共44名勞工為研究對象，進行血液中PCDD/Fs 含量、一般臨床生化、荷爾蒙及免疫指標分析。並以問卷調查勞工健康基本資料、飲食、時間活動模式等可能影響勞工暴露的相關因子。結果顯示，以44名勞工血液中PCDD/Fs濃度之中位數（19.4 pg WHO98-TEQDF/g lipid）區分為高、低暴露族群，其血液中PCDD/Fs濃度分別為29.1 及15.1 pg WHO98-TEQDF/g lipid，高暴露族群顯著高於低暴露族群（p<0.0001）。兩族群在10 種PCDD/Fs同族物之分布相當一致。高暴露族群在10種PCDD/Fs同族物之濃度皆高於低暴露族群，且除了HpCDF及OCDF外，皆達統計上顯著之差異（p＜0.05）。高暴露族群在T3之測值顯著低於低暴露族群，除總蛋白質及總膽紅素為高暴露族群顯著較高（p＜0.05）外，其餘血液生化檢查及免疫指標於二族群無顯著差異。迴歸分析顯示現職年資、煉鋁廠總年資、抽菸習慣與血液中PCDD/Fs 毒性當量濃度具高度相關性。建議應加強煉鋁過程逸散污染物之收集及處理，強制配戴適當之呼吸防護具，並定期追蹤勞工血中PCDD/Fs 及進行健康檢查。此外，應將荷爾蒙檢查納入煉鋁業勞工之定期健康檢查中，以確保勞工之健康。

The objective of this study was aimed to determine the concentrations of serum PCDD/Fs, serum biochemical test, hormones and immunological index of workers in secondary aluminum smelting plants. All results were integrated to conduct the PCDD/Fs exposure assessment of workers. According to job titles and PCDD/Fs exposure possibility, 44 workers in two secondary aluminum smelting plants were selected as subjects. The personal exposure data and time activity pattern were collected with questionnaires. The serum PCDD/Fs, blood biochemistry and hormones examination, immunological index were investigated. The subjects were divided into high and low exposure groups by the median of serum PCDD/Fs. The average serum PCDD/Fs concentration was 29.1 and 15.1 pg-WHO-TEQDF/g-lipid in high and low exposure groups, respectively. The levels of 10 homologues of serum PCDF in high exposure group were significantly higher than that of the low exposure group with the exception of HpCDF and OCDF. It meant that the high exposure group was truly exposed to higher concentration of PCDD/Fs emitted from the aluminum smelters. T3 in the high exposure group was lower than that of the low exposure group. There are no significant statistical differences of blood biochemistry, hormone, and immunological index between the two groups except the total protein and total bilirubin. Otherwise, the concentrations of serum PCDD/Fs were highly correlated with seniority and smoking status. The workers were truly exposed to higher concentration of PCDD/Fs emitted from secondary aluminum plants. The use of personal protective measures was recommended to effectively reduce the concentrations of serum PCDD/Fs.