營造工人肌肉骨骼痠痛與工作場所危害因子關係探討

Musculoskeletal Disorders and Workplace Risk Factors of Construction Workers

營造業除了職業災害問題外，工作時身體負荷很大，所造成的痠痛問題也相對比較嚴重，特別是下背痛問題。因此，關注營造業職業災害問題同時，也應該同時關注營造業職業傷害問題，特別是其肌肉骨骼痠痛問題。本研究分析勞工安全衛生研究所 1999 年所完成之「工作環境安全衛生狀況調查— 受僱者認知調查」資料，探討現場營造工人各身體部位痠痛情形，並使用邏輯式複迴歸分析，探討各部位痠痛且找中西醫治療者（痠痛治療）之可能的危害因子。分析結果發現現場營造工人認知有痠痛情形比全產業高，65.8％有此問題，其中 57％會找中西醫治療，痠痛部位主要為肩膀(36%)及下背 (34%)，而痠痛治療則為下背(18%)比例最高。分析影響危害因子，其中下背部位痠痛治療受到全身振動、經常搬運重物、使用振動手工具、年齡、姿勢不自然、年資的影響較大；頸肩部位痠痛治療受到年齡、手部單調動作、使用振動手工具、經常搬運重物的影響較大。由危害因子來看，經常搬運重物會影響各部位痠痛治療的比例，而姿勢不自然、年齡則各影響三個部位，因此要避免現場營造工人的肌肉骨骼痠痛，應該特別注意經常搬運重物及姿勢不自然二項危害因子。

In addition to serious occupational injuries, construction workers experience many occupation-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) such as lower-back pain. This study is aimed to explore the relationship between MSDs and job risk factors of construction workers. The data were collected through a nationwide questionnaire - “Survey of Employees’ Perceptions of Safety and Health in the Work Environment in 1998 Taiwan” and analyzed by logical regression model. The results show that one-year prevalence rate of MSDs is 65.8%, which is higher than that of other industries, so does the rate of MSDs with clinical treatment (severe MSDs), 37.7%. Shoulder disorder (36%) and lower-back disorder (34%) are the most common MSDs, and severe lower-back disorder (18%) is the most frequent severe MSDs. Whole body vibration, forceful handling, vibrating hand tools, age, awkward postures, and years on the job are the statistically significant factors for severe lower-back disorder. The significant risk factors for the lower extremities are forceful handling, whole body vibration, awkward postures, and age. Except age, to prevent MSDs the workers must reduce the forceful handling activities and awkward postures. The construction workers are also concerned with heavy hand tool problems, but it is not a significant risk factor for MSDs.