噪音型聽力損失勞工之溝通態度與溝通問題

Communication Difficulties and Labors' Attitude toward Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

本研究之主要目的是探討勞工對聽力損失之態度與溝通問題、背景變項（自覺之聽力損失程度、學歷、工作年資、年齡層與性別）對前兩項得分是否有影響、聽力損失勞工及其家屬對其溝通問題之看法，及聽力損失勞工之溝通問題是否與各頻率閾值有關。研究對象所隸屬的單位皆隨機選自 87 年聽力損失通報系統，以問卷調查方式做研究。先請三個不同工作單位的 200 名曾與聽力損失者共事過的資深勞工填答本研究自編之「聽力損失態度量表」 ，回收 199 份（99.5％） 。其次請 1275 名噪音型聽力損失勞工及其家人填寫「聽力損失態度量表」及「噪音作業區勞工溝通量表」 ，共回收 323 名勞工作答之有效問卷（25.3%） 。結果發現一般勞工不瞭解聽力損失同事的溝通情況，只有一半勞工會協助聽力損失同事，但是對他們的負面看法很小。噪音型聽力損失勞工之自評分數顯著低於一般勞工之評估結果，他們認為自己在溝通與生活中的實際表現不同於文獻中的敘述；他們得到的幫助比其他勞工所說的少，對自己的負面態度顯著低於一般勞工對聽力損失者之看法。工作年資、學歷、年齡層與性別都不會對「聽力損失態度量表」與「噪音作業區勞工溝通量表」之得分造成顯著差異，聽力損失勞工之家人低估其溝通困難及運用溝通策略之狀況，三分法、四分法、六分法之聽閾平均值與各頻率聽閾與溝通問題得分皆無規律關係。

The purposes of this study are to investigate labors’ attitude toward hearing loss, their communication problem, and the relationship between noise-exposed labors' hearing thresholds and their performance in communication. The Attitude Toward Hearing Loss Scale (ATHLS) was sent to 200 labors who have been working with hearing impaired colleagues (HICs). The rate of questionnaire collection was 99.5% ATHLS and Labor’s Communication Scale (LCS) were sent to 1275 noise exposed-labors and their family members. Three hundred twenty-three labors (25.3%) answered the questionnaires. Results revealed thatlabors usually do not understand their HICs’ communication situation. Only half of them would help HICs. However, their attitude toward HICs is not negative. Significant differences are observed between hearing impaired labors and their associates in their attitudes toward hearing impairment and communication. HICs show lower scores in their own description for their communication situation and they receive less help from other labors. Their attitudes toward themselves are higher than other labors’ assumption. Working experience, education, age, and gender have no effect on scores for ATHLS and LCS. Significant differences are shown between labors’ and their family members’ answers in communication scales. Family members tend to underestimate hearing impaired labors’ communication difficulty. These labors are grouped according to the degree of severity in their communication. No regularity was observed among three groups of subjects’ hearing thresholds and their communication difficulty.