在消費主義與基本教義之間：《黑色唱片》的倫理、認同與晚期資本主義

Between Consumerism and Fundamentalism: Ethic, Identities, and Late Capitalism in The Black Album

本文探討庫雷西（Hanif Kureishi）的小說《黑色唱片》（The Black Album）中的主要角色如何受到晚期資本主義社會中不同的倫理觀念影響，透過／超越消費主義與基本教義的種種實踐，而找到自身的認同。作者對於各角色的呈現說明了消費主義的巨大影響力，讓意欲堅守回教基本教義的個體也無所遁逃。在另一方面，作者也在小說中顯示，個人是可以透過與消費主義緊密扣連的浪漫倫理、個人主義與自由主義，跳脫物欲橫流的陷阱而深化其精神實踐。消費社會並不只是建立在商品符號之上，其運轉有賴於內含於資本主義邏輯中的倫理觀。坎貝爾（Colin Cambell）已經指出，消費社會有著現代性中的兩層邏輯，亦即在計算與實驗活動中表現的理性邏輯，以及源自激情和渴望的夢想邏輯。兩種邏輯運作的結果，分別產生了工作倫理與浪漫倫理，在生產端和消費端維繫資本主義社會的運作。然而，小說裡認同於資本主義生活形態的角色們不見得都能兼具這兩種倫理。同時，為了反抗浪漫倫理的過度擴張，以及在西方消費社會中對抗長存的種族主義剝削，也有著生長於消費社會中，卻堅持以回教基本教義來抵抗個人認同碎散化的危機。在檢視小說中各種道德信念及文化認同極端的角色之後，庫雷西的小說勾勒出消費社會中工作與浪漫倫理平衡的重要性，並探討超越縱欲與禁欲實踐的可能。

This paper discusses how main characters in The Black Album go through and beyond practices of consumerism and Islam fundamentalism, finding their own identities among various ethical positions in late capitalism. Representations of different characters from the author illuminate the enormous impact of consumerism, which even fundamentalist believers are not immune from. On the other hand, Kureishi also indicates that, via the romantic ethic, individualism and liberalism articulated with consumerism, an individual is capable of evading extravagant desire and achieving spiritual development. The consumer society does not merely take root on commodities and their signs. Its management relies on the ethic inherent in the logic of capitalism. Colin Campbell has pointed out that the consumer society is guided by the dual logic of modernity, namely the logic of reason manifested in calculation and experiment, and the logic of dream originated from passion and aspiration. Working ethic and romantic ethic are resulted from this dual logic, and in turn maintain the operation of capitalism in the end of production and consumption. Yet, characters in this novel do not necessarily follow its ethical principles even if they are products of consumer captialism. Furthermore, to resist over-expansion of the romantic ethic and the ethnic exploitations long present in the Western consumer society, there is a fictional community, despite its breeding in Britain, insistent on Islamic fundamentalism to withstand fragmentation of the personal or communal identity. Examining characters with widely different ethic and cultural identity, Kureishi's novel validates the balance between the working and romantic ethic in the consumer society, and explores the possibility of transcending self-indulgence and asceticism.