英文摘要 |
Postmodern society is a society of deterritorization, in which the boundaries traditionally set up for "humanism" have broken down, in which various kinds of "other" and desires are liberated. The problem is: is the liberation of "other" and desire the right and only way to freedom of the subject? For many theorists, the answer is "no." For Guy Debord, it is the media which bombard people in postmodern society with the spectacle of liberation such that the society has become a "society of the spectacle" through which the authority can easily manipulate the values of the people with the spectacle. For Foucault, the liberation of life is the target of the regime of bio-politics and has to do with knowledge and power rather than freedom of the subject. The regime of bio-politics, for Foucault, is responsible for the objectification of the subject and turns the subject into a unit of the state policy of population. And yet, the later Foucault spots a reflexivity within the subject, a reflexivity called by him as "the hermeneutics of the self" or "the care of the self," through which the subject can objectify itself and attain an "objectification of objectification," thus creating a buffer for the subject within the power relationship. The reflexivity of the subject enables the subject to cope with power and create a "folding" relationship with power. The reflexivity of the subject, "the hermeneutics of the self" or "the care of the self," for Foucault, constitutes an "ethics of the self," an ethics based on the relationship between the subject and itself and different from Levinas' ethics based on the relationship with the other. |