愛在生成時：拉岡與伊希嘉黑性別差異的倫理未來

Love in the Time of Becoming: The Ethical Future of Sexual Difference in Lacan and Irigaray

本文以拉岡第二十講《女性性欲》以及伊希嘉黑後期著作兩者相互參照與閱讀，從「存有的時間性」觀點出發，探討「愛欲」、「倫理」與「性別差異」。若說拉岡反對「自戀之愛」與「融合之愛」，提出「愛」位於知識及欲望的存有之外，並且以「蕩力」（jouissance）為新的「身體存有」（bodily being），那麼伊希嘉黑則以「前知識的」、「前判斷」的「驚奇」（wonder）為新的情感（affect）、以「成為兩個」（to be two）為性別差異的存有，重新看待陷於知識、欲望與時間封閉的「存有的僵固性」，愛即是「性別的變為與生成」，是時間中開展的「事件」。她視「成為兩個」為時間與性別差異的存有，以開展個體之時間性，成為性別他者的身體做為一時間面向，開展未來之「事件」，以開啟性別化的生成與成為，將具有創造力的、面對未來的時間，連結至身體不斷變化的生成成為。

This article explores love, ethics, and sexual difference from the perspectives of temporality of being. It examines the interconnections between Lacan's Seminar XX on female sexuality and Irigaray's later works. What Lacan and Irigaray have in common in their later works is their shift of the discussion of love and sexual relations away from negation and lack to embodiment and temporality of being. The first section points out that Lacan in Seminar XX refutes commonsensical notion of love as either ＂narcissism＂ or ＂the fusion of One.＂ He treats these two phenomena as symptoms of the subject of desire and knowledge, indicative of a being fleeing away (taking flight). Lacan rethinks love and being outside the path of desire by privileging jouissance as an alternative bodily being (para-being). The second section draws attention to how Irigaray reconceives the question of love and being through sexual difference. ＂Wonder＂ and ＂to be two＂ are two ways for Irigaray to treat being away from spatial and temporal fixation and repetition to becoming, event, and the future.