精神病、話語結構與慾望辯證：拉岡理論的出發點

Psychosis, Structure of Speech and Dialectic of Desire

佛洛伊德解開神經症之謎後，精神分析的發展仍深受到閱讀精神病的慾望所驅使。從佛洛伊德到拉岡，精神分析對於精神與外在現實的認識與論述始終仰賴於被佛洛伊德等同於哲學系統之「精神病知識」。對拉岡而言，要了解精神病知識，重要的是「完全就字面意義」去傾聽與閱讀精神病。本文旨在指出拉岡早期對佛洛伊德的批評與精神病的研究中，如何經由對話語結構的闡釋，重新將精神分析後設心理學建立在（幾近）語言學的基礎上。

After Freud solved the puzzles of neurosis, the development of psychoanalysis is still driven by a desire to read psychosis. From Freud to Lacan, psychoanalysis has always founded its recognition and discourse of psyche and external reality on a “psychotic knowledge” that Freud equals to a philosophical system. For Lacan, to comprehend the psychotic knowledge, one must listen to and read psychotic discourses “to the letter” (au pied de la lettre) instead of understanding and curing psychosis. This paper delineates how Lacan in his early period critiques Freud, how—from the psychotic discourses—he conceives the structure of speech and re-establishes meta-psychology of psychoanalysis on the basis of a (quasi-)linguistics.