家之憶：琳達．荷根小說《太陽風暴》之土地、記憶與故事

Remembrance of Home: The Land, the Memory, and the Story in Linda Hogan’s Solar Storms

本篇論文藉由琳達‧荷根小說《太陽風暴》重書美洲原住民文化中土地與記憶之關係，瞭解回鄉之旅對美洲原住民文化展延的意義，透過原民回鄉追溯既已遺失之記憶，再現原住民面對故土失落的掙扎，記憶成為美洲原住民抵抗歐美霸權文化的手段與建構原民文化認同的符碼。本文先以人類記憶的在地性為面向，討論土地對於美洲原住民文化的意義，藉以突顯在地記憶在文化承載上的重要性。以美洲原住民對土地與原鄉的「在地想像」，透過土地與文化相互依存所展現的特異性，回歸原鄉／土地為自己的文化尋根。第二部分分析原住民如何自喪失土地的經驗中，回溯創傷記憶，延續女族系譜，重構部族記憶以傳續原住民文化。近五百年的美國原住民部落史是一篇美國原住民被迫面對土地錯置的歷史。荷根以《太陽風暴》檢視原住民的土地失落史，探討失去土地的原住民應該如何面對被切割的記憶，記憶／故事又如何成為原民認同的基礎；原住民如何從錯置中建構自我，重溯與開展集體記憶，傳承部落故事，記憶宣告一種文化地理的成形，以部落記憶的傳承作為反抗白人的場域。

This paper examines the interrelationship between the land, the story, and the memory in Native American culture in Linda Hogan’s Solar Storms by analyzing the significance of the journey home in Native cultural continuum, representing native struggle against land loss, and identifying the restored memory as tribal resistance. Hogan discloses the tribal history of land loss, explores how the journey home leads to the remembrance of home, how the displaced natives retrieve their memory and transmit the tribal stories through female genealogy, and how the restored stories/memories reconstruct the native identity. “Homing” allows Native Americans to recall the long-lost memory and retell tribal stories that unfold native history bound to the native land. For Native Americans, the restored memory thus serves as a cultural strategy to resist against Euroamerican hegemony and a “cultural coding” to reconstruct native identity. The paper asks firstly the importance of the land in Native American culture and unfolds the significance of the place-based stories to the tribal continuum. Given that the land is meaningful to tribal culture, an alliance is kept between Native Americans and their tribal lands because of a “cultural specificity” rooted in and developed in accordance with their land specificity. The second part of the paper analyzes how natives retrieve traumatic memory from the experiences of displacement/relocation, identify their mothers through the female genealogy to reconstruct their collective memory with tribal stories, and how tribal memories shape a cultural geography that shows resistance to Euroamericans’ oppression.