德希達與「悅納異已」

Derrida and ＂Hospitality＂

「悅納異己」是德希達在九零年代出版的著作中頻密出現的語彙。這個語彙跟世界主義，寬恕等觀念連結所建構出的他者論述，一方面是對傳統的文化概念的分析探討，一方面也是對時局的尖銳批判。本文整理德希達「悅納異己」相關論述的發展線索，先追溯德希達對這個文化記憶的探索與詮釋，再特別就德希達跟啟蒙思想的關係，考察德希達的悅納異己論述在全球化過程中的發展脈絡。透過與康德「容忍」論述的對照，德希達強調，真正的悅納異己是無條件對他者的歡迎接納，接受他者會帶來的無限可能，包括其中的風險。而從無條件的悅納異己的視角出發，德希達更指出康德世界主義理想的侷限，探索著另外的，新的世界主義圖像的發展。

The term ＂hospitality,＂ in conjunction with friendship, cosmopolitanism, forgiveness, etc, frequently appears in Derrida's works in the nineties and constitutes a discourse of the other. This discourse on the one hand revisits the cultural heritages of hospitality, and on the other hand, critiques the current trend of exclusionism in Europe. To study Derrida's thinking on hospitality, this paper at first traces Derrida's exploration of this cultural memory, and then underscores his ＂inheritance＂ of the Enlightenment to examine his discourse of hospitality in the context of globalization. For Derrida, hospitality, in contrast to Kant's ＂tolerance,＂ is the unconditional welcome to the other; it unconditionally welcomes the infinite possibilities brought by the other, including the risks of danger. From the perspective of unconditional hospitality, Derrida points out the limits in Kant's cosmopolitanism, and calls for an other, new cosmopolitanism to come.