宣告專利權無效決定的本質及其效力限定－－兼評我國專利複審制度的改革

The Essence of the Determination on Declaring Patent Invalidation and Its Validity Limitation On the Reform of Patent Reexamination System in China

允許在民事侵權糾紛解決程序中對專利有效性進行判斷，在理論和實踐界呼聲很高。但這並不能提高專利侵權糾紛解決的效率，反而引發再審等多種衝突。美日兩國的制度改革說明歸於訴訟程序的單一糾紛解決機制並非最佳選擇。無效程序的本質在於糾正錯誤授權、維護公益。明確和限定專利權無效決定的效力，減少重複審理是消除民事訴訟程序與無效行政程序之間抵牾的重要閥門之一；應當恢復專利行政部門主導的專利複審制度的多樣性；在智慧財產權法院建立的大背景下，完善專利糾紛解決機制。

It is highly supported in theory and practice that to judge the validity of patent in the civil procedure of settling the tort dispute should be allowed. But it cannot help improve the efficiency of settling patent infringement dispute. Instead, it leads to retrial and other conflicts. The system reforms in US and Japan prove that the single dispute settlement mechanism attributing to lawsuit is not the best choice. The essence of invalidation procedure lies in correcting mistaken authorization and protecting public interest. To clear and limit the effectiveness of patent invalidation determination, meanwhile, to reduce the duplication of trials could be one of the vital valves in eliminating the contradictions of civil procedure and administrative invalidation procedure. The diversity of patent reexamination system led by patent administration department should be restored. Under the background of setting up IP courts, the patent dispute settlement mechanism should be under perfection.