薩德侯爵之反象徵主義：數字與細節之執迷

Marquis de Sade’s Anti-Symbolism: The Obsession with Numbers and Details

本論文之主旨在於探討薩德「反象徵主義」（anti-symbolisme）之情色書寫與文學風格。巴特（Roland Barthes）曾說過薩德是個情色圖像的偉大修辭學家，原因是薩德創造了一種在文學領域中極為少見的話語（discours）典範，也就是一種完全「透明」的書寫：沒有任何隱喻（metaphore）或換喻（metonyme）。因此巴特認為薩德的情色書寫是一種「反象徵主義」：反對任何曖昧不清的話語；而薩德之所以是個偉大的作家，是因為他創造了一種新的情色語言。事實上，薩德反對隱喻式的書寫與「無所不談」（tout dire）的哲學理念息息相關。薩德透過對「數字」和「細節」的仔細描述，對人類的情慾進行了窮盡分析（exhaustion）。薩德「反象徵主義」的情色書寫解放了情慾，也解放了古典話語，讓情色話語可以在既有的文字範圍外去命名「不可命名」之物，去窮盡所有「可能」的極限。因此，為了釐清薩德反象徵主義之本質，本文預計先從他對數字的執迷（obssession）和無所不談的細節書寫出發，然後探討薩德以「反象徵主義」為本的情色話語與文學風格。 The aim of this paper is to study the anti-symbolism of Marquis de Sade’s erotic writings and literary style. Roland Barthes remarks that Sade is a great rhetorician in erotic imagery because he creates an incredibly rare discursive paradigm, namely a type of transparent writing that does not contain metaphors and metonyms and which he sees as a form of anti-symbolism. In fact, Sade’s refusal of a symbolic style of writing is relevant to his philosophical idea of “saying everything.” Manifest in thick description, scrupulous attentions to numbers and details, Sade’s anti-symbolic writing has allowed sexuality-based discourse to name objects that used to be unnamable within the conventional linguistic limits and to name them exhaustively to all possible limitations. This study will thus focus first on Sade’s “saying everything” obsessions with numbers and details, before moving on to a more general characterization of the anti-symbolism of his writings.

The aim of this paper is to study the anti-symbolism of Marquis de Sade’s erotic writings and literary style. Roland Barthes remarks that Sade is a great rhetorician in erotic imagery because he creates an incredibly rare discursive paradigm, namely a type of transparent writing that does not contain metaphors and metonyms and which he sees as a form of anti-symbolism. In fact, Sade’s refusal of a symbolic style of writing is relevant to his philosophical idea of “saying everything.” Manifest in thick description, scrupulous attentions to numbers and details, Sade’s anti-symbolic writing has allowed sexuality-based discourse to name objects that used to be unnamable within the conventional linguistic limits and to name them exhaustively to all possible limitations. This study will thus focus first on Sade’s “saying everything” obsessions with numbers and details, before moving on to a more general characterization of the anti-symbolism of his writings.