《別讓我走》與生命政治的美麗新世界

The Brave New World of Biopolitics in Never Let Me Go

西元1996 年，蘇格蘭羅斯林研究所創造的複製羊使得複製生命成了科學上真實的議題。十年後，英國當代小說家石黑一雄的小說《別讓我走》則讓複製科技成了真實的倫理議題。本文透過傅柯、羅斯與阿岡本的理論脈絡討論生物科技衍生的生命倫理議題，透過閱讀石黑一雄的小說《別讓我走》析論複製生命在小說創作中開啟的器官捐贈與生命延續等倫理關懷，討論本書隱具未來生命樣貌的開創與錯動。小說建構的複製人世界具體展現理論家未能親臨的生物科技時代，點出生命科技的啟蒙辯證必然衍生的生物公民權，也必然決定人類在下一個世代量身訂做與自我介入的生命樣貌。本文試圖論析《別讓我走》的重點不在於觀看複製人，而是如何將人看成複製人。本文企圖檢視小說與生命政治的理論脈絡，反思何以為人以及何以非人。正當生物科技利用機械化流程製造並複製生物商品，新世界的生命呈現輕易訂製且隨意棄置的樣態，我們適足以重新思考生命的保存乃建立在對待非人的殘暴與野蠻之上，在這樣的權力迴路中，無人得以僥倖脫逃。

On July 5, 1996, the Roslin Institute in Scotland made cloning an issue of technological reality. Ten years later, contemporary English novelist Kazuo Ishiguro made human cloning a hot issue of moral reality. This paper attempts to discuss controversies of biopolitics as biotechnology becomes an actuality and life forms become commodity. By resorting to Foucault’s and Agamben’s examination of the mechanism of letting live and letting die and Nikolas Rose’s indication of the politics of risk as materialized in the commodification of biotechonology, this paper attempts to land discussion of biopolitics on the ground of Ishiguro’s world of cloning. This paper argues that the human cloning in the world of fiction provide us with the chance to examine the makings of the human, and more importantly, the inhuman. Ishiguro’s patrol world of human cloning visualizes practices of biotechnology in their inclination to transform life into mechanical, manufacturable and replicable being that is to be easilymade, tailor-made and easily-forsaken. While the possibility of human cloning enriches the theoretical base of biopolitics, it reveals a new domain of biocitizenship in which life could be prolonged at the price of sacrificing others. The brave new world of biopolitics is thus materialized at the fictional world of human cloning where life is preserved in an economy of barbarity in which there is nowhere to run.