醫學系學生專科選擇之偏好因素研究

Medical Students' Preference in Choice of Specialty

醫學系學生是醫師人力供應的來源，畢業後的選料行為，是造成各專科 之間醫師人力分佈是否均衡的關鍵。本研究運用層級分析法（ analytic hierarchy process, AHP ） ，分析醫學率高年級學生在選擇專科峙的考量因素，目的為 確認各年級醫學生選擇專科峙的主要考量偏好因素，並求出各因素的相對權 重值，供制訂政策者在做人力分佈規劃日寺誘因設計的參考。在「專科醫師訓 練選擇考量因素」目標下， AHP 問卷分為二個層紋，第一層為3 項評量構面， 第二層為14 項評量準則。研究結果顯示，在第一層之三項評量構面中，權重 最高的為個人喜好及工作成就（權重值=0.465）；第二為專科特性 （0.288） ；第三為專科訓練過程（0.247 ）。在第二層的14 項評量準則中，以個 人智慧或能力喜好權重最高（0.199） ，工作職位升遷機會第二（ 0.109） ，第三 為完成訓練後生活型態（0.093） 。相較於以往文獻，本研究較不同的發現 走，與經濟誘因相關性較大的「完成訓練後的收入」及「自行開業容易度」 兩項因素，在本研究權重排序不高。

Medical students are the source of physician s manpower for each medical specialty. Their choice of specialty determinates the distributioin of manpower. The purposes of this research are to identify the preference that influence senior medical student s choice of specialty; and to calculate the relative weighting value of each factor through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis. A 2-tier AHP model is constructed in the questionnaire. There are 3 aspects in the first-tier level, and 14 criteria in the second-tier level. The results demonstrate that in the first-tier aspect, the first ranking factor is personal favorite and work achievement (0.465), the second is characteristics of specialty (0.288), and the third is training process of specialty (0.247). In the second-tire criteria, the first ranking factor is personal intellectual or ability favorite (0.199), the second is opportunity of promotion (0.109), and the third is lifestyle after training (0.093). Compare to previous studies, this research found that the economic incectives related to financial reward after training and the easy level of to be a practitioner got lower values.