綜論護理工作職場暴力與因應策略

Nursing Workplace Violence and Prevention Strategy

職場暴力是職業安全與衛生重要議題之一。近年護理人員遭受職場暴力的比率持續增加，已成為各國許多醫療機構重要的防治議題。根據國外研究發現有37.1%-95%的護理人員曾遭受過各種不同類型之職場暴力，且對個人身體、精神、情緒或機構造成不良影響。職場暴力事件除急診、精神科單位外，也常發生於其他醫療部門，進而威脅護理人員安全、健康和安寧。然而，國內有關護理職場暴力的探討較少且多侷限於精神科與急診。本文旨在討論職場暴力之定義、護理人員經歷職場暴力種類與來源、危險因子、遭受暴力後之感受與影響及因應策略，藉以引發護理人員自身及主管單位重視護理工作職場暴力之議題，若能瞭解護理人員工作職場暴力現況，發展與建立預防護理職場暴力因應策略，始能有效減少職場暴力情形，有助於營造正向優質工作環境，使利於護理人員的招募與留任，提升醫療照護服務品質。

Work-related violence is one of the important issues in occupation safety and health. Nurses suffered various work-related violence is continuously increasing in recent years. This issue is mentioned and proposed violence prevention programs in many countries. Based on the evidence based various research findings: approximately 37.1% to 95% nurses have had experienced workplace violence, and perceived negative affection on their body, spirituality, emotion, and even their work institutions. Workplace violence is happened not only in emergency or psychiatric unit, but also in other clinical areas. Workplace violence is a menace to the nurses’ safety, health, and public nuisance. There are limited studies in nursing workplace violence in Taiwan, and only a few focused on the field of psychiatric and emergency units. This paper reviews the various definitions of workplace violence, resources from workplace violence, risk factors, the perceptions of experiences and the strategies of prevention. Hopefully this article could recall nurses themselves and hospital administrative leaders to pay much attention to the violence issue. Be effort to understand the nurses’ work-related violence and to develop the violence prevention strategies might be help to decrease the nursing workplace violence, and to construct the positive working environment. Finally, it is to benefit the nurses’ recruiting and retention.