醫院主管領導型態與領導效能之因果關係研究－－以護理主管為例

A Cause-Effect Study on the Relationship between Leadership Style and Leadership Efficiency in Nursing Management

領導者的領導型態往往會影響到其單位組織的領導效能，領導者與部屬關係的良好與成功，可以發揮真正領導效能。在醫療持續激烈競爭的狀況下，更突顯了醫療專業人員的重要性。而在眾多醫療專業人員中，又以護理人員約佔一家醫療院所的43%~65%，所以護理工作品質之良窳，更直接影響病人權益及醫療品質，並攸關醫院形象與經營，故如何妥善管理護理人力，並有效地加以運用，更是醫院經營管理上的重要課題，而從主管之領導型態來預測員工效能可做為醫院未來培訓管理者的參考，對醫院整體的經營成長能有幫助。本研究是以中部某區域醫院護理部門主管及部屬為研究對象，探討護理長的領導型態對領導效能的影響，問卷發放時間為期一個半月，共發出444份，回收416份，回收率93.20%，其研究結果為：（一）護理主管領導型態與領導效能量表與之前研究其他業界量表的因子結構不同。（二）護理主管自覺領導型態與部屬感受護理主管之領導型態有顯著差異，且護理主管自覺領導型態明顯高於部屬感受。（三）領導型態對領導效能具有正向之直接影響。

Objectives: The leader style has a great effect on the leader efficiency of the organizations. The good relationship between the leaders and the subordinates can achieve good leadership efficiency. In highly competitive environment, health care workers play an important role in hospital management. Nurses make up 43% to 65% of the medical staff within a hospital; how to improve the human resources management of nursing is an important issue. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between the leadership style and leadership efficiency in nursing management. Methods: The research subjects were nursing managers and their subordinates within a regional hospital located in central Taiwan. The construct validity of questionnaires was tested by confirmatory factor analysis. The structural equation models with latent variables were used to test the relationship between the leadership style and leadership efficiency in nursing management. The duration of data collection was 1.5 months, and 416 valid questionnaires were received with a response rate of 93.2%. Results: The factor structure of the scales used in the leadership style and the leadership efficiency among nursing managers was different from the scales used in the previous research in other industries. The self-conscience of leadership style of the nursing administrators had significant difference with the subordinates’ cognition, and the cognition of nursing administrators is higher than that of the subordinates. Moreover, leadership style has a direct and positive effect on leadership efficiency.