喬億「（太白詩）獨無一篇似陶」說釋疑──兼論陶、李體道之別

On Qiao-Yi’s comment of “none of Li Bai’s poems are like Tao Yuanming” —Different of “ Dao” Between Tao and Li

清代喬億（1701-1788）《劍谿說詩》討論李白詩歌源流時，認為其「獨無一篇似陶」，此說與在他之前及之後的詩論家看法相左。喬億的立基點為何？本文指出，喬億以「陶之難擬」突顯淵明獨特性，從而指向性情與體道為似陶標準，稱韋應物「氣象近道」，足堪追步淵明。相較之下，李白詩歌體勢多端，與「渾然元古」的陶詩有別，而其「延頸八荒氣象」、高調憂樂的性情襟抱，也與淵明澹泊遠情的生命本質不同。喬億之外的其他詩評家之所以主張李白詩歌「似陶」，乃多從藝術鑑賞的角度，將李白的價值放在吸收傳統詩人之精華中呈顯，與喬億以「道」為基準，重視整全生命之體驗不同。整體而言，本文藉由剖析喬億「（太白詩）獨無一篇似陶」說，調整以往論者傾向求同而忽略析異的現象，確立喬億兼容前說而獨出新見，也為陶、李體道之別，做了一次廓清。

Qiao Yi (喬億) traced back the origin of Li Bai’s poems in his poetics writing, Jian Xi shuo shi, (劍谿說詩) and said that “ none of Li Bai’s poems are like Tao Yuanming.(陶淵明)” His comment was different between other critics even before or after him. Why and depend on which basic did Qiao-Yi say that? My methodology is below: First of all, collecting and analyzing Qiao-Yi’s comments in “Jian Xi shuo shi,” and try to figure out his critical origin of poems and his taste of poems. Secondly, find out poems in which standard and by what kind of poet that Qiao-Yi commented “like Tao.” Then take the standard to compare with Qiao-Yi’s comments of Li Bai’s poetry, and I believe it will help to understand why Qiao-Yi thought Li Bai’s poems unlike Tao Yuanming’s. Finally, I will solve the question of whether Li Bai’s poems like Tao Yuanming or not by reading Li Bai’s texts closely, and try to get the balance point between Qiao-Yi and other critics’ comments.