明清「異體式」回文詞析論

Discussion on variant Palindrome in Ming Qing Dynasty

明清「異體式」回文詞，以奇巧變異的體式轉換，超軼前代。學界罕知「詩詞合體」的始祖，當溯源至明代的張綖。他以〈虞美人〉寓七律一首，並將調體著錄於創製的《詩餘圖譜》，而流播廣遠。明、清之際，興起「雙調合體」式回文詞；丁澎有回文詞三十九闋，輯為〈別錄〉，以用調之繁複、詞境之回環變化，冠冕當代。乾隆年間，閨秀詞人張芬，以〈寄懷素窗陸姊〉七律詩，又回文調寄〈虞美人〉詞，首創「詩詞合體」式回文詞。朱杏孫繼之，按張芬律譜巧以變革，所作「詩詞合體」式〈虞美人〉回文詞，可回環變化為二首詩、二闋詞。按詩詞兩體譜式，協調繁複的體式、格律、句法、韻位變換，而句合韻諧，引人嘆服，堪稱是回文詞奇趣的高峰。

Using various forms to convert the palindrome made Ming Qing’s variant palindrome more famous than previous era. The founder who mixed the poem and Tzu was uncommonly known in academe and shall be retroactive to Chang Yen in Ming Dynasty. “YU MEI JEN” was the poetry he wrote in seven-character eight-line regulated verse. The style/form of “YU MEI JEN” included in his work “SHIH YU TU PU” and being circulated far and wide. Two-tune palindrome was initiated from Ming Qing Dynasty. Ting Peng wrote thirty-nine palindromes included in “PIEH LU”. His works were famous with variety tune and varied artistic conception of Tzu in the era. In Qianlong, Chang Feng who was famous in Tzu created Poetry-Tzu palindrome. The palindrome consists seven-character eight-line regulated verse poetry “CHI HUAI SU CHUANG LU CHIEH” and Tzu “YU MEI JEN”. Base on Chang Feng’s work, Chu Hsing Sun continued to create “YU MEI JEN” Poetry-Tzu palindrome that can be separated into two poetries and two Tzu. Although Poetry and Tzu had different writing styles, the Poetry-Tzu palindrome was well known in its concordance with character, form, syntax and rhyme and it was also the most popular period for Palindrome.