在CEDAW架構下人身安全保障之研究－－以台日家庭暴力防治法制之比較為主

Research of Personal Security Protection under CEDAW- ON Domestic Violence Prevention Legal System of Taiwan and Japan

CEDAW（消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約）於1979年由聯合國大會通過、1981年生效，我國於2007年簽署，並在2011年由立法院通過CEDAW施行法，將CEDAW國內法化，該施行法自2012年元旦起生效，我國邁進更積極推動性別平等的階段。日本則於1985年簽署，即依循CEDAW的要求而推動性別平等相關政策。CEDAW係以課國家採取積極特別措施義務，俾促進其所保障之實質性別平等得以實現，可謂以國家力量將父權體制翻轉為性別平等體制。日本自1985年起正式進入CEDAW施行階段迄今已三十年，又台灣與日本皆受父權思維之影響，而日本猶甚於我國，因此本文將檢視CEDAW對人身安全之保障機制，並自CEDAW架構之脈絡，比較我國與日本之家庭暴力防治法制發展軌跡及實踐之情形，期從兩國發展與實踐之異同中探討在CEDAW保障人權的架構下，日本推動性暴力防治之一環的家庭暴力防治法制與政策之經驗可為我國借鏡之處。

CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women) was passed by the United Nations General Assembly in 1979, entered into force in 1981. Taiwan signed CEDAW in 2007, then the Legislative Yuan passed Enforcement Act of Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women in 2011, and entered into force on New Year’s Day of 2012. This made contents of CEDAW become internal law of Taiwan and made Taiwan move towards a new era of promoting gender equality. While Japan signed CEDAW in 1985, then followed the requirements of CEDAW and promoting gender equality policies. CEDAW provides States Parties shall adopt temporary special measures to promote the implementation of substantive gender equality, and this can be described as to flip the patriarchal system to gender equality system with national forces. As Japan signed CEDAW in 1985, so Japan implemented CEDAW for three decades officially. Japan is influenced by patriarchal thinking as well as Taiwan, and even much more than Taiwan. Therefore, this paper will examine the personal security protecting mechanisms of CEDAW, and compare the development track and practice of domestic violence prevention legal system between Taiwan and Japan under the said mechanisms. Then, this paper will check the similarities and differences between the two countries, and try to find Japanese experience from that we can learn.