長期血液透析病患調適方法之探討

Coping Methods among Hemodialysis Patients in Taiwan

末期腎疾病患者的治療方式以血液透析最普遍。末期腎疾病患者該如何與疾病共處，以維持一定的生活品質完全依賴其調適方法。本研究針對全國13縣市2772位長期血液透析病患進行問卷調查，期能瞭解長期血液透析病患的調適方法，並探討調適方法與病患屬性、病患透析特性間的關連性。結果發現，各調適方法使用頻度平均為0.85，其中最常見的調適方法依序為「既然無能為力不如接受事實」、「一切從好處著眼」、「試圖尋求妥協方法」、「按部就班處理問題」及「嘗試瞭解問題所在」；最少用的調適方法為「藉喝酒來放鬆」。迴歸分析的結果顯示，年齡、婚姻狀況、教育程度、是否有工作、宗教、導致透析的主要病因，有無合併其他疾病均是影響透析病患使用不同調適方法（接受挑戰、消極面對、尋求協助、逃避行為、宿命）的重要因素。本研究可以根據這些研究結果，更深入瞭解長期透析病患的調適方法，進而給予適切訊息、衛生教育及協助，以達到更確切的全人護理。

Hemodialysis is a common treatment for patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Coping methods are very important factor when dealing with this chronic disease. The purposes of this study are to examine the frequency of different coping methods as well as to investigate the relationship between patient characteristics and different coping methods. We surveyed 2,772 ESRD patients from 13 counties in Taiwan. Descriptive, factor, and regression analyses were used. We found that the most frequently used coping attitudes included having attitudes such as ”I cannot do anything except accept the truth,” ”I look on the bright sight of my situation,” ”compromises,” ”I will deal with the problem step by step,” and ”I try to understand the what is happening to me.” The least used coping method was ”Get drunk.” The regression results indicate that age, marital status, education, job, religion, causes of ESRD, and complications are significant factors associated with different coping methods (including facing challenges or issues passively, looking for assistance, avoiding the problem, and believing in destiny). Nursing staff will be able to offer unique care, health education, and assistance based on the results from this study.