在氣候變遷協商中隱形的原住民族權利

The Invisible Indigenous Peoples’ Rights in Climate Change Negotiation

2015年12月12日第21屆聯合國氣候變遷綱要公約締約方大會以共識決通過『巴黎協議』，內容設定以1750年工業革命之前為基準，全球均溫上升不超過攝氏2度，並且以不超過1.5度作為追求目標，也訂下確保問責和透明度的審查機制，締約方每五年要接受審查。國際媒體、聯合國和各國政府皆認為『巴黎協議』無論是從環境保護還是國際政治的角度，都有里程碑的意義。然而，對長期投人、參與氣候變遷相關協商進程的原住民族人而言，若以原住民族權利的角度檢視協議內容，卻是再度令人失望，因為族人的訴求，再度被忽視、再度消失於國家政策之中。原住民族多居住於環境弱勢的地區，長期與氣候環境變遷共處，許多傳統知識都是為了適應環境的變遷而不斷調整而來，然而這些珍貴智慧卻往往未被國家氣候變遷應對政策肯任。面對氣候變遷，國家政府的基本態度，必須要有所改變，氣候變遷，是人權議題，肯認原住民族傳統智慧與知識、停止將氣候變遷當作敷衍塞責、掩飾人為疏失的藉口，是最關鍵而根本的起點。

The 21st Conference of Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change adopted the Paris Agreement on December 12, 2015 by consensus. The Paris Agreement sets up the goal to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. It also establishes the review mechanism to ensure the accountability and transparency of the Parties. The Parties shall be reviewed every five years. The international presses, the UN and state governments all acknowledge the Paris Agreement as a milestone in terms of environment protection and international politics. However, for the Indigenous Peoples who have long participated in the climate change negotiation processes, this Agreement is again a disappointment when looking at it from the perspective of the rights of Indigenous Peoples, since the demands tabled by Indigenous Peoples are again ignored and invisible. Indigenous Peoples often live in environmentally fragile areas, and have long been coexisting with the changing environment and climate. A lot of traditional knowledge comes from adapting and adjusting to the changes. Unfortunately, the valuable wisdom of Indigenous Peoples is often not recognized in the state policies regarding climate change. To tackle the challenges imposed by climate change, the state governments must change their attitudes first. Climate change is a human rights issue. To recognize Indigenous Peoples’ traditional knowledge and stop using climate change as a cheap excuse to cover up the man-made mistakes and false policies are the basic but key starting point for the state governments.