原住民族社會生活發展與轉型正義

Transitional Justice and the Development of Taiwanese Indigenous Peoples’ Social Life

本文主要在與原住民族相關的社會工作或社會福利領域中，粗略探討轉型正義的理念與實務。現代社會工作或社會福利的核心理念之一，乃立基於維護人的獨特尊嚴及自主權，積極行動促使人獲有基本生存與發展所需的機會與資源，使每個人都能獲有自我實現之可能。本文將先就所得、健康、居住、教育、就業、暴力、歧視等生活面向，扼要描述歷年來原住民族與主流社會問對比的差距狀況，接著，本文試圖回答下列問題：(1)原漢生活差距問題的特質為何？在我們的社會裡，原漢生活差距，會不會隨時問之前進，而漸漸縮短以至消失？原漢生活差距，是原住民族落後的問題？是原住民個人或家庭適應失調的問題？或是民族問關係結構不正義的問題？(2)原漢生活差距與社工、社福的轉型正義有何相關？從戒嚴到解嚴，社會工作或社會福利制度在社會上所扮演的角色應有哪些不同？要落實在公民社會維護社會正義的角色，社會工作或社會福利制度該有哪些作為？針對原漢生活差距問題又應有哪些作為？本文將檢視若干重要視角，並申論原住民族社會工作和社會福利工作者，應重視轉型正義的理念與實踐。

With the forthcoming party alteration in power, the issue of transitional justice has again attracted significant public attention in Taiwan. Transitional justice between Taiwanese Indigenous Peoples and the non-Indigenous Peoples, however, is still unlikely either to be put on the public agenda or to interest social workers. This paper is an attempt to explore the theory and practice of transitional justice in the field of Indigenous social work and social welfare. Firstly, it outlines the gap between Indigenous and the Han Peoples in aspects such as income, health, housing, education, employment, violence, and discrimination. In so doing, secondly, it aims to answer the following questions: (1) What is the root of the gap between them in living conditions? Will the gap be possibly reduced or eliminated with time? Is the gap derived from the “backwardness” of the aborigines, or from the malfunctioning of the aboriginal individuals and families, or, from the structural injustice between them? (2) How does this gap relate to transitional justice in social work and social welfare? What role should the social work/social welfare system play before and after the abolition of the martial law in Taiwan? What can the social work/social welfare system do to ensure social justice? How can the system tackle the gap between the Indigenous Peoples and the Han people? To conclude, this paper examines perspectives of different theories, and affirms the importance of highlighting the theory and practice of transitional justice in aboriginal social work.