國小學童主要照顧者視力保健知識及其相關因素之探討——以澎湖地區為例

The Vision Care Knowledge and the Relevant Factors in the domain Knowledge among the Caregivers of the Primary School Students in Penghu Area

本文旨在探討國小學童主要照顧者視力保健知識及其相關因素，研究對象針對澎湖地區國小學童主要照顧者進行問卷訪談，並於2013年3月至6月期間共收取有效樣本382人，學童主要照顧者身份為父母者居多有351人（佔約92%），非父母者有31位（約8%）。研究結果顯示：學童主要照顧者在視力保健知識的評估上具備中高等程度表現，平均得分為6.93分（標準差1.64）。在迴歸模式中獲選解釋變項有主要照顧者身分、主要照顧者教育程度、主要照顧者職業情況、學童居住地、近視家族史及家庭結構型態，可預測的總變異量為39.71%，表示此六項因素為國小學童主要照顧者視力保健知識之重要預測因子；在主要照顧者身分方面，表示身分為父母者的視力保健知識程度較佳；主要照顧者教育程度顯示，教育程度為大學以上者視力保健知識程度最優；主要照顧者職業情況方面，有職業工作者住視力保健知識程度較佳；學童居住地方面，主要照顧者居住於澎湖本島之視力保健知識較優於離島者；在近視家族史方面，具備近視家族史有較佳的視力保健知識程度；在家庭結構型態方面，單親家庭者相較於其它家庭結構型態者有較差的視力保健知識程度。期望透過本研究結果可協助與提供佐證予國小學童近視相關防治工作，提供國小學童主要照顧者視力保健知識的現況，並喚起正確視力保健觀念的意識，藉以提升其對國小學童近視防治行為的效益。

The study investigated the vision care knowledge and the relevant factors in the domain knowledge among the primary caregivers of elementary school students in Penghu. A total of 382 valid samples had been taken for this research, including 351 parents and 31 non-parents. The data collection method was to conduct a questionnaire survey between March, 2013 and June, 2013. The results showed that the average of the total scores from the primary caregivers in vision care knowledge was 6.93 points (sd=1.64) and was regarded as moderate. Moreover, according to the regression analysis, the seven factors, including The Primary Caregivers Are Parents or Non-parents, Level of Education of Primary Caregivers, Primary Caregivers Are Employed or Unemployed, Primary Caregivers Are Magong-Island or Baisha-Island Residents, Elementary School Students Have Myopia or Not, Family History of Myopia, and Family Structures, were considered into the model and the total variance explained reached 39.71%. In the first factor, the total score of vision care knowledge of parents was better than of non-parents. In the second factor, the primary caregivers with high-education had better scores in knowledge than the caregivers with low-education. In the third factor, the score of the employed primary caregivers was higher than that of the unemployed caregivers. In the fourth factor, the caregivers in Magong-Island performed better than those living in Baisha-Island. In the fifth factor, children in myopia didn’t perform as well as these without myopia. In the sixth factor, the primary caregivers having the myopia of family history had better scores than those without family history in myopia. In the seventh factor, the primary caregivers from single-parent family scored less than the others. This study expected to increase the awareness of myopia precaution for elementary school students and further to explore the causes and treatments.