篩選兼具溶磷及抑病功效之芽孢桿菌作為高效生物性肥料開發

Screening of Bacillus Bacteria with Phosphorus Solubilizing and Plant Pathogens Inhibitant Capacities for High Efficient Biofertilizer Development

本研究目的為篩選出符合現行肥料法規，具有生物性肥料功效及兼具防病機 制的微生物菌株。由分離及收集芽孢桿菌菌種中篩選出液化澱粉芽孢桿菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）菌株代號16-1及枯草桿菌菌株（Bacillus subtilis）代號SD9H，經溶磷能力篩選，溶磷指數分別為1.56及1.46，皆具有高溶磷之能力。經肥料盆栽試驗證明，有顯著促進植物生長之效果。再經6種溶磷菌菌株對13種植物病原菌之對峙實驗，結果發現以SD9H對植物病原菌之生長抑制效果強，SD9及16-1次之。16-1菌株對植物病原菌F010（Alternaria brassicae）、MU-PE（Pestalotiopsis eugeniae）及NP-PP（Pestalotiopsis psidii），SD9H菌株對植物病原菌MU-PI（Penicillium italicum）、NP-PP（Pestalotiopsis psidii）、及NP-RS（Rhizoctonia solani AG-1）抑制圈較大，顯示此兩菌株對於前述植物病原菌引起之植物病害具有防治之潛力。經盆栽試驗澆灌16-1及SD9H菌液於感染立枯絲核菌病土中，均顯著提升油菜發芽率，且播種油菜種子後立即澆灌菌液之效果較三天後澆灌處理為優。對提升油菜之發芽率以SD9H菌株為佳，顯見SD9H菌株對染立枯絲核菌有較好之生物防治效果。四週收穫，油菜植株之地上 部及地下部之鮮重與長度處理組與對照差異顯著，其中以SD9H菌液之處理油菜鮮重及長度為最好。由實驗結果得知液化澱粉芽孢桿菌16-1及枯草桿菌SD9H菌株對土壤病原菌立枯絲核菌具有病害抑制效果。本研究篩選出具溶磷效果之微生物且經初步盆栽試驗確認具有抑病效果之微生物菌株，將創新高效生物性肥料之開發。

The purpose of this study is screening microbes for high efficient biofertilizer development that can be met the regulation of commercial registration. Bacillus bacteria with phosphours solubilizing and plant pathogen inhibitant capacities are selected for this purpose. From the isolated and collected stock isolates, two isolates, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (16-1) and Bacillus subtilis (SD9H), with high phosphorus solubilizing index 1.56 and 1.46, respectively, were selected for further tests. By pot growing fertilization test, these two isolates treatments showed plant growth promotion effect significantly comparing with other microbial treatments. 6 isolates of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria against 13 isolates of plant pathogens were tested their antagonistic abilities by using dual culture test. The results showed SD9H had highest antagonistic abilities among 6 isolates, SD9 and 16-1 were next to SD9H. 16-1 isolate were proved had better inhibition against plant pathogens F010 (Alternaria brassicae), MU-PE (Pestalotiopsis eugeniae) and NP-PP (Pestalotiopsis psidii); SD9H isolate were proved had best inhibition against MU-PI (Penicillium italicum), NP-PP (Pestalotiopsis psidii) and NP-RS (Rhizoctonia solani AG-1). SD9H and 16-1 isolates were selected in green house trail as biocontrol and biofertilizer agents. In drenching treatment of SD9H and 16-1 biomass into soils infested with inoculums of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1, seed germination rates were higher than control, especially, seed germination rates of drenching right after seed planting treatment were better than drenching 3 days after seed planting treatment. Also the seed germination rates in SD9H treatment were higher compared with 16-1 treatment. The shoot and root weights and lengths of tested plants were significantly heavier and longer in SD9H and 16-1 treatment after 4 wks growth. Evidently, SD9H and 16-1 isolates can be used for further innovative research to high efficient biofertilizer development.