近百年梅州地區的道教：以呂帝廟為探討中心

A Century of Daoist Temples in Meizhou

清代梅州有三帝廟、呂帝廟等多所道場，經歷百年變遷，1990年梅州市登記開放的宗教活動場所190處，其中佛教93處，道教僅1處，亦即贊化宮。贊化宮古稱呂帝廟，始建於1887年，此廟香火之盛與其藥籤、扶乩聞名分不開。1899年呂帝香火隨前清庠生、梅縣張家圍人張炳堃，傳到曼谷，1902年建廟奉祀。此南洋播道，亦奠下八十多年後「祖廟」復宮之機緣。1966年梅州呂帝廟被解散，不到二十年，此廟較早得以恢復宗教活動，實得力於泰國華僑呂祖同門的支持。2006年梅州市登記道教廟觀，已增至17間，贊化宮為新開放的宮觀設班傳授道教科儀，扮演地區「龍頭」宮觀的角色。本文旨在以呂帝廟為探討中心，從而說明梅州地區道教歷史、廣東廟觀恢復宗教活動的過程與特點，及贊化宮在梅州地區道教復興的角色。

Focusing on the Lüdi Temple (also known as the Zanhua Temple), this paper explores the history of Daoism within Meizhou, the northeastern corner of Guangdong, from late 19th century. Built in 1887, the Lüdi Temple was one of the most popular temples in Meizhou. In 1902, Zhang Bingkun, a native of Zhangjiawei in Meizhou, spread the Lüdi worship to Bangkok. Although the Lüdi Temple in Meizhou was banned in 1966, its worship continues in the Southeast Asia. Thanks to the Chinese economic reform in 1980s, Meizhou sees a religious resurrection, and the Lüdi Temple, now known as the Zanhua Temple, becomes the leading Daoist temple in Meizhou.