精神贍養權法治保障的困境及其出路

The Dilemma and Outlet of the Legal Protection on Spiritual Support Right

精神贍養是親屬法規範中的重要內容，事關老年人權益的保障與和諧社會秩序的維護。老年人的精神贍養權既是一項道德權利，又是一項法定權利。作為一種特殊的權利樣態，精神贍養權具有與一般權利不同的特點：形式上的不明確性、消極承認和不可預期性。在傳統的“義務約束”思維模式下，精神贍養權的維護和保障面臨著諸多困境。在法理層面充分解釋和識別精神贍養權的法益性權利本質，並從法律技術上開闢新的“權利激勘”保障理路，精神贍養權的實現不僅可能，而且在制度設計上具有可操作性。

Spiritual support, which is closely related to the protection of elderly rights and the maintenance of harmonious social order, is an important part of family law. The elderly spiritual support right is both a kind of moral right and a legal right. As a special kind of right, spiritual support right has its different characteristics compared with the general rights, including the nature of uncertain form, negative acknowledgement and unpredictability. In the traditional 'obligation' thinking mode, maintenance and insurance of the spiritual support right may face many difficulties. But through fully explaining and identifying the essence of right on legal interest of spiritual support right from the perspective of jurisprudence and breaking a new 'right incentive' path by techniques of law, the realization of spiritual support right is not only possible, but also can be operated in the design of the system.