互聯網企業獨家交易行為的反壟斷法分析

Analysis of Internet Enterprises' Exclusive Dealing Behavior in Antitrust law

互聯網領域大量湧現的獨家交易行為可能觸犯以公平、自由競爭為理念的反壟斷法，並減損消費者的經濟福利，因此，有必要對其進行反壟斷法規制。由於立法的滯後以及理論研究的不足，對該類行為的事實判斷與違法性認定均存在較多困境，制約了對該類行為的有效規制。借鑒後芝加哥學派的“反托拉斯理論”，結合互聯網行業的市場競爭特點，可以從行為主體和客觀方面兩個維度對該類行為進行事實判斷：行為主體為具有市場支配地位的互聯網企業，客觀方面實施了反壟斷法意義上的獨家交易行為。基於該類行為對競爭的二重效應，建議適用合理原則進行違法性認定，綜合考量行為目的、市場進入壁壘、技術創新、消費者福利、經濟效率等因素。

A large number of exclusive dealing behaviors spewing in the field of Internet have hampered the fair and free competition order, harming the consumer welfare. Because of the lag of legislation and theoretical studies, there are many difficulties in the regulation of such behaviors. As a result, it is necessary to analyze these behaviors in antitrust law. After learning the antitrust theory of the Chicago School and following the practical regulation way of the law enforcement agencies, we can analyze the facts and define the illegality. We can define the Internet enterprises' exclusive dealing behaviors from subjective and objective separately. It requires that actors have a dominant market position and these companies have really done the exclusive dealings in the sense of antitrust law. It's suitable to employ the rule of reason to identify its illegality. Comprehensive consideration of the factors is need, such as behavioral intentions, market entry barriers, technical innovation, consumer welfare and economic efficiency and so on. When the behavior's negative effects are greater than the positive effects, the behavior is illegal.