論「訴訟外紛爭解決機制」在環境法領域之運用

The Application of the Dispute Resolution Mechanisms by Non-Litigation on the Field of Environmental Law

「訴訟外紛爭解決機制」（Dispute Resolution Mechanisms by Non-Litigation）最有名的就是美國「替代性爭議解決方式」（Alternative Dispute Resolution，簡稱ADR）。對於美國蓬勃興起的ADR制度，我國司法實務界與學界也在近年加以重視，但是ADR制度仍有其局限性，因為其以解決民事爭議為主，無法及於刑事訴訟及行政訴訟之上。不過，因為環境糾紛以訴訟解決有其缺點，故學界總思考如何將環境糾紛透過訴訟外制度解決之。本文提出我國環境糾紛（包括民事爭議或公法案件）可能採取的訴訟外解決之途徑：陳情、調處及裁決、調解、和解、仲裁、認罪協商制度、行政協調、行政指導、事前協商、行政承諾、行政契約及其他未型式化之行政行為。因此本文即以在環境法領域中，訴訟外紛爭解決制度之類型、運用及利弊，詳細加以介紹與論述。

＂The dispute resolution mechanisms by non-litigation＂ is the most famous American ＂Alternative Dispute Resolution, abbreviated ADR＂. For the burgeoning US ADR system, our judicial practice and academia in Taiwan also are attentioned at ADR in recent years, but the ADR system still has it’s limitations, since it is main to resolve civil disputes, and can not be on the criminal litigation and administrative proceedings. However, because of environmental litigation with its shortcomings to resolve environmental disputes, it is how the academic always is thinking about to resolve the environmental disputes through non-litigation system. This paper presents that many ways may resolve our environmental disputes (including civil disputes or public law cases) by non-litigation: administrative contracts, administrative action with additional clauses, especial public taxation, administrative penalty, petitions, conciliation and adjudication, mediation, reconciliation, arbitration, administrative guidance, administrative coordination and other non-typical administrative acts. Therefore, this paper is to introduce and discuss in detail about the types, application and the pros and cons of the dispute resolution mechanisms by non-litigation in the field of environmental law.