障礙者的公民運動：權利論述和社會模式的在地實踐

Disabled Citizens' Movement: Glocalization of Rights Discourse and Social Model in Taiwan

在臺灣民主轉型的過程中，福利體制的擴張對障礙者權利運動影響是備受爭議的議題。本研究檢視2000年代中期以後，以障礙者為主體的新生代障礙者權利運動團體：「行無礙」與「新活力自立生活」的抗爭論述與運動策略，以及權利論述對行動者的影響。本研究指出，在全球化的影響下，障礙者權利論述與政策被快速轉換到臺灣的障礙者權利運動抗爭場域，國外經驗成為抗爭的重要論述策略。新生代的障礙者權利運動從日常生活的身體經驗出發以「散步」和「搬出來住」的運動策略，挑戰障礙者進入公共空間、和一般人一樣活在社區的議題，由下而上挑戰過去「立法進步，執行落後」的狀況。這樣的新生代倡議運動直接影響障礙者的認同轉換與主體建構。新的運動發展代表民主轉型後的臺灣，障礙者開始進一步挑戰障礙的政治性，應用社會模式對於障礙的社會結構面向的批判論述，直接投入障礙公民權利的爭取。新興的障礙者倡議運動以障礙者自我倡議為主，引述社會模式觀點與跨國權利論述的實踐展現出障礙者權利運動的新樣貌。

This research explores Taiwanese disabled citizens' movement since mid-2000s and focuses on the campaigns and discourses of two disability rights organizations, ＂Accessible for All＂ and New Vitality Independent Living Association. Unlike the charity-oriented NPOs in the past, this paper shows the new disability rights movement organizations are mainly organized by disabled people, emphasized on self-advocacy of disabled people and advocated for breaking down the social-structural barriers. Global rights framing allows the disabled activists to contest the disability politics in public sphere and to bring foreign disability policies and practices to negotiate the conservative narrative of the government official. Newly disability rights protests use new tactics from everyday life practice like ＂take a walk＂ and ＂move out＂ to contests the existing social barrier and familist-baed care policy. Rights discourse and experiences of resistant in everyday life also transform the identity of disabled activists and formulate disability rights consciousness. Finally, this research shows the discourse of social model and disabled people's rights were localized in the disability politics in Taiwan.