臺灣二次政黨輪替後電視公共化運動

Campaign for Public Television after Taiwan' Second Power Transfer in 2008

2000年一次政黨輪替時部分傳播學院工作者抓緊政治機會，乘風而起，推動無線電視公共化運動。但在2008年二次政黨輪替後政治機會縮小，由於國家失能，政策空間縮小，且相關行動者對立，公共電視文化事業基金會治理陷入危機，那麼電視公共化運動能否延續？會逆風而上？或隨風而下？本文即分析2008年政治機會縮小下，臺灣電視公共化運動如何推動。相關文獻指出，政治機會與社會運動的發生，並不是簡單機械的關係。社會運動有其脈絡。若運動者已形成特定的信念體系與社會網絡，在政治機會縮小的情況下仍可能匍匐前進。根據本文分析，政治機會縮小的確對運動構成限制。但在此限制下運動者基於共享的理念與論述資源，在爭議中提出政策論述與行動，並爭取到部分政治結盟以及政策管道，達到部分改革，包括促成公共電視文化事業基金會的經營團隊建立問責機制，藉由監察院的壓力讓文化部負起建立董事會的責任，並建立公開透明的審查機制。未來可持續觀察政治機會與媒體公共化運動的關係，即在政治機會縮小或擴大的條件下，運動者能否運用資源，達到運動的目標。

In Taiwan's first transfer of political powers, some media academics grasped political opportunities, launched the movement for transforming the terrestrial television stations into public ones. However, after the second transferring of political powers in 2008, as the KMT government failed to provide policy visions and its political control triggered confrontations and the crisis of the governance of Public Television Service (PTS). With the shrinking of political opportunities, did the campaign move on or decline? According to related studies, political opportunities and social movements are not in simple and mechanical relations, but contextualized. If participants have shared belief systems and social networks, they would move on even without political opportunities. In this case, the decrease of political opportunities did pose restrictions, yet the campaigners continued to propose reform proposals. When the budget of public television was frozen, the they attacked the political control, and suggested the PTS to establish accountabilities mechanisms. When the PTS was in governance crisis, they demanded open and transparent mechanisms in selecting the board of directors. Future researchers can continue to observe if the campaigners can continue to achieve their goals, given the increase or decrease of political opportunities.