論以市場機制觀點解決生物多樣性喪失課題

Reconsidering the Halt of the Loss of Biodiversity in a Market-based Perspective

國際性組織和國際性非營利組織如生態系統和生物多樣性之經濟（TEEB）和商業和生物多樣性補償方案（BBOP）在其研究中主張以市場機制介入生物多樣性惡化之必要性與重要性。本文對此種呼籲持另一觀點並認為行政管理對於調節自然保育和開發壓力持續高漲有其地位。首先，具有預防原則和肇事者原則的行政管制手段涵蓋開發管理、土地利用計畫和區域發展等。再者，基於以市場為誘因的管理途徑的討論中鮮少闡述如何適當評估生態價值，以及應如何與既有規劃體系相結合。因此，如果吾人透過全面性土地利用計畫來降低生物多樣性喪失做會較是有意義以及效率做法。據此，也可提供給市場機制運作適宜經營環境。

International organizations and non-government organizations such as the Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) and the Business and Biodiversity Offsets Program (BBOP) had published reports and studies which claimed the necessity and importance of the market mechanism to achieve the goal of halting the loss of biodiversity. Another point of consideration within this paper is an administrative management perspective on the relationship between nature conservation and increasing pressure from settlement development. Firstly, upon the arguments for the market incentive approach, the paper then discusses the other important approaches to conserving biological resources in accordance with the administrative regulations which combine settlements management, land use planning, and regional development by implementing the Preventing Principle and Cost-by Cause Principles. Based on the discussing of the market incentive approach, it is rare to declare how the values of biological resources could be recognized properly and how they could be embedded within a planning system. It would be more meaningful as well more effective, if we regulate biodiversity-loss in advance through a comprehensive land use plan, then it could offer a suitable surrounding framework for running market mechanisms afterwards.