《顏氏家訓》家庭教育之父職問題澄清

Clarification on the Problems of the Paternal Role in the Family Education in 'Yan Shi Jia Xun'

從《顏氏家訓》一書中探討父親在家庭教育中的職分，以下幾點問題有待澄清。首先，《顏氏家訓．勉學》：「子當以養為心，父當以學為教。」宋本作「父當以教為事」，究竟父親在家庭教育中當以學為教？還是以教為事？如未能加以澄清，則父職在扮演家庭教育角色的模擬兩可（以學為教或是以教為事）情況下，勢必會造成家庭教育現場角色、關係、認知的混淆，無法充分發揮家庭教育的實質功效。因此，此文以《顏氏家訓．勉學》所論及在家庭教育扮演至關重要的角色──父職當以何為本作澄清，接續談〈序致〉及與家庭教育極相關的三個篇章〈教子〉、〈治家〉、〈勉學〉中談父當如何教子以及父當教子的內容。透過本文的探討，除了嘗試回顧顏之推撰寫此書的初衷，也希望提供現代父職在家庭教育提供經濟支柱外亦能發揮的幾點可能具體建議。

To discuss the paternal role in the family education from the viewpoint of ”Yan Shi Jia Xun”, there are some problems to be clarified. Firstly, it is said, ”Children should take serving their parents to heart; fathers should take learning as the way to educating children.” in ”Yan Shi Jia Xun”: Encouraging Study; however, it is said, ”Fathers should regard educating children as the most important thing.” in the version of the Song Dynasty. Should the paternal role in the family education be ”to take learning as the way to educating children” or ”to regard educating children as the most important thing”? If these two things cannot be clarified, the paternal role in the family education would become ambiguous, causing confusions of roles, relations, and cognition to the family education on the spot, failing to actualize the effects of family education. Therefore, this thesis starts from clarifying on which basis the paternal role is to be established in the family education, and then proceeds to discussing how and what a father is to teach his children. Through the research in this thesis, not only do I try to reflect upon the heart of Yan Zhi Tui when he was writing ”Yan Shi Jia Xun”, but also hope to provide some possible and practical advices on the paternal role in the family education, apart from merely being the breadwinner for the family members.