被遺忘的大清與苗栗「英雄」：程峻、壽同春、鍾瑞生與苗栗義民軍

Forgotten 'Heroes' of Miaoli and the Ch'ing Dynasty: Cheng Jun, Sho Tungchun, Zhung Rueisheng and the Miaoli Yimin Paramilitaries

位於今日苗栗市北苗的苗栗義民廟，主祀林爽文事變時，戰死身亡的淡水廳同知程峻，與號召北臺灣諸籍貫義民的幕僚壽同春，以及苗栗義民首鍾瑞生所率領的義民軍之義塚。然兩百多年歷史演變下，今日該義民廟祭祀圈僅止於今苗栗市內北苗、上苗、清華等三里，佔全苗栗市二十八里的10.71％，為一個地方小廟。所以清中葉時期的鍾瑞生在苗栗史上，與清末吳湯興一般，是一代地方「英雄」，然其今日的歷史知名度，卻遠不如同時期，號稱是「新竹客家義民軍領袖」的「義民首」戴元玖、林先坤等人。而程峻在抵抗林爽文勢力時「兵敗殉國」，壽同春也在林爽文事變時收復淡水廳有功，並率領客家、泉、漳等籍之義民軍，反攻林爽文勢力，卻為林爽文勢力所殺，「英烈殉國」。但今日香火鼎盛的新竹枋寮義民廟，卻沒有祭祀程峻、壽同春，使這兩位先人逐漸為後人所淡忘。所以本文稱程峻與壽同春，是被遺忘的大清「英雄」，鍾瑞生與苗栗義民軍，是被遺忘的苗栗「英雄」。因此，本文基於復興地方歷史意識的考量，乃以史學方法詳細考論程峻等人的事蹟，希望記錄兩百多年前的「他們」為新竹、苗栗保鄉衛土的「英雄敘事」。

Located in Beimiao of Miaoli City, the Miaoli Yimin Temple (Miaoli Heroes Temple) mainly enshrines heroes who were killed during the Lin Shuang-Wen Incident. Nevertheless, due to a historical evolution over the last two hundred years, the ritual sphere of this Yimin Temple now covers only three villages in Miaoli City: Beimiao, Shangmiao and Qinghua, makes it a small local temple. As for Cheng Jun, he lost his army and was killed when he was against the forces of Lin Shuang-Wen; Sho Tong-Chun, who had a merit for regaining Danshui Ting, led Yimin Paramilitaries formed by Hakka and Min-nan (originally from Quanzhou and Zhangzhou) people to counterattack forces of Lin Shuang-Wen and was unfortunately ”killed for his country heroically”. Nevertheless, in the bustling Hsinchu Fangliao Yimin Temple today, Cheng Jun and Sho Tong-Chun these two heroes are not enshrined in the temple and are gradually forgotten by the younger generations. Under the consideration of reviving the historical consciousness in local, this paper has adopted a historiographical method to make a detailed research on Cheng Jun and other people. It is expected that ”their heroic stories” of protecting the land and people of Hsinchu and Miaoli will last forever.