食品安全風險交流模式的比較與借鑒

Comparison and Reference on Mode of Risk Communication about Food Safety

風險交流出現於20世紀70年代末80年代初，並逐漸興起。在歷經三十多年的發展後，風險交流逐漸形成了兩種理想模式：知識赤字模式與民主審議模式。這兩種模式在食品安全風險交流中被廣泛運用，並且在理論基礎、目標、和表現方式上存在明顯不同，發揮著彼此難以替代作用。我國食品安全風險交流制度建設相對較晚，深受傳統應急管理思維的影響，在實踐中存在科學性和民主性的雙重缺失以及交流錯位等問題。針對上述問題，在我國食品安全風險交流制度建設和技術構造中，可以引入風險治理概念與分析框架，並將風險交流貫穿風險治理的全過程。針對不同類型的食品安全風險、風險治理的不同階段，靈活運用知識赤字模式和民主審議模式，有效發揮食品安全風險交流促成知情決策的功能。

Risk communication appeared during the late of 1970s to early 1980, and gradually on the rise. Risk communication gradually formed two kinds of ideal patterns: knowledge deficit patterns and democratic deliberation mode, after more than thirty years of development. These two models of risk communication are widely used in the food safety field and have different theoretical basics, different objectives, and different forms, and play irreplaceable role of each other. Because emergence of risk communication is late, and influenced by thinking of traditional emergency management in our country, in the field of food safety, risk communication have science and democracy deficiency and dislocation problems in practice. To address these problems, we can introduce of Risk Governance Framework, develop by Professor Ortwin Renn, and make risk communication throughout the whole process of risk governance. In the field of food safety, risk communication play an important role in making informed decision by use knowledge deficit model and democraticdeliberative model of according to the characteristics of different risk types, and different stages of the risk governance.