英國知識產權審判體系

The Judicial System for Intellectual Property Disputes in the UK

英國是較早便開始對知識產權案件進行專業化審判的國家，發展至今，歷經多次改革，已然是現今世界上知識產權審判體系較成熟的國家。其中，設置在高等法院大法官庭下的專利法庭和知識產權企業法庭是英國極具代表性的兩個具有全國管轄權的知識產權法庭，負責審理大部分知識產權民事、行政的初審案件。此外，尚在籌建中的歐洲統一專利法院、“被指定人”、著作權審裁處以及替代解決糾紛機制，也都是英國知識產權審判體系的重要組成部分。2014年，我國在北京、上海、廣州設立了知識產權法院，在這樣一個改革試點的契機下，分析和借鑒英國知識產權審判體系的發展軌跡和成功經驗對我國知識產權法院的建設具有現實意義。

Over the last few decades, the United Kingdom (UK) successfully established specialized courts on intellectual property (IP) related matters. With several judicial reforms, the court system for IP disputes was increasingly improved and become comparatively advanced. Patents Court and Intellectual Property Enterprise Court are two of the representative IP courts which are part of the Chancery Division of the High Court, with jurisdiction over the first-instance civil and administrative litigation regarding all forms of IP. In addition, the Uniifed Patent Court, Appointed Person, Copyright Tribunal, Alternative Dispute Resolution is also crucial parts of the UK’s Judicial system for IP disputes. In 2014, China establishes three new dedicated IP courts in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. Following this signiifcant legal reform on China’s judicial system for IP litigation, analyzing the evolution and successful experience in the UK has practical significance for the development of China’s IP courts.