日本法上的勞動者人格保護－－以勞動者健康隱私為中心

Legal Protection of Worker’s Right to Personality in Japan: Concentrated on Health Information Privacy

勞動者人格保護是現代勞動法上的重要內容。從以恢复勞動者之對等人格的集體勞動法律發展伊始，勞動者如何獲得法律上“人”之對待，是促使勞動法發展演進的動力來源之一。我國勞動法上的勞動者人格研究甚少，基本停滯於“勞動者尊嚴”的保護原則宣誓上，其中，勞動者的健康隱私，在近年社會運動過程中獲得了反歧視法上的保護。然而，無論是何種勞動者隱私，均屬於勞動者人格權的範圍，應當從勞動者人格權保護上予以正視。以日本勞動者人格保護中的健康隱私保護為例，其在實體法和判例法上的經驗，可為我國勞動者人格保護問題的研究深入提供借鑒。

Employee’s privacy and its legal protection in the workplace is a vital issue in the modern labour legislations. From the historical aspect, labour laws were initiated from the legal protection of equal right to personality of the laborers against the employer, by improving the legislations on collective labour relationship. However, the concern on the employee’s right to personality or right to privacy is still rare and limited to the claim for the respect of human dignity on the employees. Particularly, the employee’s right to privacy was transformed into a kind of right to equality against employment discrimination accompanied by the social movement. Nevertheless, the right to privacy of the employees, such as the healthy information privacy, should assume the new aspect from buried theory of right to privacy,