日本商標法對商標權效力的限制

The Restriction on Effectiveness of Trademark Right in Japanese Trademark Law

日本商標法為了平衡商標權人權益和其他權益人之間的關係，除了基於契約受到的限制以外，對商標權作出了以下七個方面的限制：基於公益或者其他私益原因受到的限制；基於他人特許權、實用新案權、意匠權或者著作權受到的限制；因為先使用權受到的限制；基於中用權受到的限制；再審恢復後的商標權效力受到的限制；特許權等存續期間滿了後使用商標的權利構成的限制；商標品讓渡後的使用行為構成的限制。這種立法和司法經驗非常值得我國借鑒。

To balance the rights and interests between the owner of a registered trademark and the other interested people, besides the restriction from contracts, Japanese trademark law set seven restrictions on the trademark right: the restriction based on the public interests or other private interests; the restriction based on others’ patent right, patent right for utility model rights, patent right for an industrial design, or copyright; the restriction based on the prior use right; the restriction based on intervening right; the restriction based on the resumption of the effectiveness of the trademark after the retrial; the restriction based on the right to continue to use the trademark after the expiry of rights such as patent; the restriction based on the use after the demisability of trademark products. This Japanese legislative and judicial experience is worthy of our use for reference.