私法公法區分標準之研究－－兼論私法觀念的革命

The Differentiating Standard of Private Law and Public Law: Research on the Revolution about Private Law Concept

私法公法區分標準的確立應當從對於市民社會理論的研究入手，並以家庭、市民社會和政治國家這三者的關係為基礎。根據調整對象是否為國家統治關係，可以將公法和私法區分開來。這種區分標準同時也實現了私法觀念上的革命，產生了新的私法觀。私法體系在結構上分為三個層次，即憲法性私法、民法和特別私法，商法僅僅是眾多特別私法中的一種而非全部，這就是新的私法體系觀。對於今日中國的民法法典化而言，這種新的私法觀和新的私法體系觀有助於將未來的民法典建成宏偉大廈，而不是將其弄成“三根棒棒”；對於民法學的理論研究而言，這種新的私法觀和新的私法體系觀有助於豐富現有的民法學理論，使其更加充實和豐滿。

The establishment of differentiating standard of private law and public law should begin with the theory of civil society and be based upon the relation among family, civil society and political state. According to whether the object of law is non-state ruling relation, or not private law and public law can be distinguished. This distinction has also achieved a revolution about private law concept, which produces a new concept of private law. In the structure of private law system are three levels, which include constitutional private law, civil law and special private law, while commercial law is nothing but a part of special private law, and is not all of special private law. This is a new concept of private law system. As for the civil codification in China today, these new concepts of private law and private law system will help to build the future civil code into a grand building instead of “Three Sticks”. As for the theoretical research of civil law, these new concepts of private law and private law system will help to enrich existing civil law theory and make it more substantial and well-developed.